{"id":2313,"date":"2024-06-06T03:41:51","date_gmt":"2024-06-06T10:41:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/altasurveyalaska.com\/?page_id=2313"},"modified":"2024-06-21T08:15:22","modified_gmt":"2024-06-21T15:15:22","slug":"glossary-of-land-surveying-terms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/altasurveyalaska.com\/glossary-of-land-surveying-terms\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary of Land Surveying Terms"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2313\" class=\"elementor elementor-2313\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7447197c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7447197c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-689fff1 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"689fff1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\n.alphabet-index {\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n\n.alphabet-index a {\n    margin-right: 2px;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    color: black;\n    box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.11);\n    padding: 10px 14px;\n    background-color: white;\n    transition: 0.1s ease-in;\n}\n\n.alphabet-index a:hover {\n    text-decoration: none;\n    background-color: black;\n    color: white;\n}\n\n.top-navigation {\n    position: fixed;\n    background-color: #FAD55B;\n    box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.11);\n    padding: 18px 14px 0px 14px;\n    width: ;\n   \n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    \n    justify-self: center;\n    gap: 10px;\n    z-index: 100;\n}\n\n\n\n.title-alphabet {\n    color: black;\n    background-color: #FAD55B;\n    padding: 10px;\n    text-align: center;\n    width: 60px; 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\/* Number of columns *\/\n    column-gap: 20px; \/* Gap between columns *\/\n    width: 100vw;\n    \n    color: black;\n    padding-top: 320px; \n}\n.top-navigation {\n    position: fixed;\n    background-color: #FAD55B;\n    box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.11);\n    padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px;\n    width: 100vw;\n    display: block;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 100px;\n    line-height: 46px;\n    z-index: 100;\n}\n#searchBox {\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n    padding: 10px;\n    width: 100%;\n}\n.alphabet-index {\n    margin: 0px; \n}\n\n.alphabet-index a {\n    margin-right: 4px;\n    \n    text-decoration: none;\n    color: black;\n    box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.11);\n    padding: 6px 10px;\n    background-color: white;\n    transition: 0.1s ease-in;\n}\n}\n    <\/style>\n\n<section class=\"top-navigation\">\n\t\n\t<input type=\"text\" class=\"glossery-search-form\" id=\"searchBox\" onkeyup=\"searchGlossary()\" placeholder=\"Search for terms..\">\n\n\t<div class=\"alphabet-index\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#A\">A<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#B\">B<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#C\">C<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#D\">D<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#E\">E<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#F\">F<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#G\">G<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#H\">H<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#I\">&nbsp;I&nbsp;<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#J\">J<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#L\">L<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#M\">M<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#N\">N<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#O\">O<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#P\">P<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#Q\">Q<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#R\">R<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#S\">S<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#T\">T<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#U\">U<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#V\">V<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#W\">W<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#Y\">Y<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#Z\">Z<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<div id=\"glossary\">\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"A\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">A<\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"acsm\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">ACSM<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">American Congress on Surveying &amp; Mapping (now the NSPS.)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"ada\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">ADA<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The Americans with Disabilities Act<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"alta\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">ALTA<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">American Land Title Association<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"alta survey\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">ALTA Survey<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">ALTA\/NSPS Land \nTitle Survey is a survey that is completed according to the Standards \ncreated by the two professional societies (ALTA and NSPS) for property \nthat will be covered by a Title Insurance Policy. These standards are \nused in alll 50 states for commercial property transactions.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"apa\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">APA<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">American Planning Association<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"asce\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">ASCE<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">American Society of Civil Engineers<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"abstract of title\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Abstract of Title<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A condensed history or summary of all recorded transactions affecting a particular tract of land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"abutter\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Abutter<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">One whose property abuts, is contiguous, or joins at a border or boundary. Also adjoiner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"acceleration clause\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Acceleration Clause<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Specifies \nconditions under which the lender may advance the time when the entire \ndebt that is secured by the mortgage becomes due. For example, many \nmortgages contain provisions that the note shall become due immediately \nupon the sale of the securing land without the lender\u2019s consent or upon \nfailure of the landowner to pay an installment when due.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"access\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Access<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The right to enter \nand leave a tract of land from a public way; often times, the right to \nenter and leave over the lands of another. See ingress and egress<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"accessory use\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Accessory Use<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Accessory uses are \nland uses within a property that are, in addition to the parcel\u2019s \nprincipal use, customary, appropriate, subordinate, incidental to, and \nserve the principal use.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"accretion\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Accretion<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The gradual accumulation of land by natural causes along a water boundary<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"accuracy\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Accuracy<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The absolute nearness of your measured values and quantities to their true values and quantities.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"accuracy\nstandards\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Accuracy\nStandards<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A schedule of \nhorizontal and vertical accuracy minimums which are divided into orders \nand classes.  Certain surveying projects will specify a certain order or\n class to meet the requirements of a particular project. It should be \nnoted that they are the results required to meet each class.\n<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"acknowledgment\n\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Acknowledgment\n<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The act by which a \nparty executing a legal document goes before an authorized officer or \nnotary public and declares the same to be his voluntary act and deed. \nThis is often times the act of the officer or notary public.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"acquiescence\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Acquiescence<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When a land owner impliedly accepts a boundary location\nestablished by an abutter<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"acre\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Acre<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A unit of land measurement containing 43,560 square feet, or 10 square chains.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"actual possession\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Actual Possession<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Possession which consists of actual physical occupation of property<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"adjoiner\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Adjoiner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Abutting property<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"administrator\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Administrator<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A person appointed by a probate court to settle the affairs of an individual dying without a will.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"adverse possession\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Adverse Possession<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A claim made against the lands of another by virtue of open and notorious possession of said lands by the claimant.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"aerial\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Aerial<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Having to do with or done by aircraft.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"aerial survey\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Aerial Survey<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An on the ground \nsurvey, a framework of identified points is necessary before detailed \nmapping from aerial photographs and images begins. Typically, a \nvertically aligned camera takes photographs in a series of strips in \nwhich each picture overlaps about 60 percent of the preceding one; \nadjacent strips overlap as well. Aerial survey uses include development \nof vacant land, drainage patterns, street planning, and airport \nobstruction areas.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"alignment (horizontal)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Alignment (Horizontal)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A geometric format \nwhich describes and specifies the horizontal location of a roadway, \neither existing or proposed along some given route.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"alignment (vertical)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Alignment (Vertical)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A geometric format which describes and specifies the elevations of station locations along some given route.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"aliquot\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Aliquot<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The description of \nfractional section ownership used in the U.S. public land states. A \nparcel is generally identified by its section, township, and range. The \naliquot specifies its precise location within the section, for example, \nthe northwest quarter of the southeast quarter. Literally meaning to \ndivide.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"aliquot part\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Aliquot Part<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the PLSS, a standard division such as a half section, quarter section, half-quarter section, etc.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"american congress on surveying and mapping (acsm)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Founded in 1941, \nthis society\u2019s goal is to better coordinate surveying and mapping \nactivities. Today, ACSM had more than 7,000 member surveyors, \ncartographers, geodesists, and other spatial data information \nprofessionals. It merged into the NSPS in 2012.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"american land title association (alta)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">American Land Title Association (ALTA)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A national \nassociation of title insurance companies, abstractors and attorneys \nspecializing in real property law that speaks for the title insurance \nand abstracting industry and establishes standard title policies and \nprocedures, with headquarters in Washington, D.C.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"american planning association (apa)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">American Planning Association (APA)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The leading professional organization in the United States representing urban planners and their communities.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"amortize\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Amortize<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">To reduce debt by means of regular periodic payments of amounts applicable to both principal and interest.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"anchor tenants\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Anchor Tenants<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A large carrier or service provider that attracts other businesses to a location.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"angle\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Angle<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The measure of the difference between two lines of  \ndirection, expressed in Degrees, Minutes and Seconds normally.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"apportionment\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Apportionment<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The distribution of excess or deficiency in a number of parcels which were all created simultaneously<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"approved attorney\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Approved Attorney<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An attorney \napproved by a title insurance company as one whose opinions of title \nwill be accepted by the company and relied upon for the issuance of \ntitle insurance policies.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"appurtenance\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Appurtenance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Anything so annexed to land or used with it that it will pass with the conveyance of the land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"appurtenant easement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Appurtenant Easement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An easement that \nwill affect other properties. Examples would be; an easement for ingress\n and egress, parking, storm drains or utilities.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"arc\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Arc<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A part of a circle; also known as a curve.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"area\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Area<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The quantity of land contained within the boundaries of a parcel<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"area coordinates\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Area Coordinates<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A system of laying out a survey on the x-axis or east-west and y-axis or north-south.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"arpent\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Arpent<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The unit of length \nand area used in France, Louisiana, and Canada. As a unit of length, \napproximately 191.8 feet. The square arpent is a unit of area, \napproximately 0.85 acres. Article Link<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"artificial monuments\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Artificial Monuments<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A manmade marker such as a concrete monument, pipe, rod, or drill hole<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"as-built survey\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">As-Built Survey<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveys to show the property's improvements in relationship to the boundary.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"assessment\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Assessment<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The imposition of tax, charge or levy, usually according to the established rates.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"assessor\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Assessor<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A public official who evaluates property for the purpose of taxation.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"assignee\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Assignee<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">One to whom a transfer of interest is made. For example, the assignee of a mortgage or contract.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"assignor\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Assignor<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">One who makes an assignment. For example, the assignor of a mortgage or contract.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"assume\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Assume<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">One of the most dangerous words in the surveying lexicon. The best practice is to assume nothing.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"assumption of mortgage\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Assumption of Mortgage<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An obligation \nundertaken by the purchaser of land to be personally liable for payment \nof an existing note secured by a mortgage. As between the lender and the\n original borrower, the buyer, or grantee, is liable on the mortgage \nnote.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"astronomic meridian\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Astronomic Meridian<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An orientation to Polaris by means of a star or sun shot. Also referred to as true north.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"astronomical observations\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Astronomical Observations<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Observing celestial\n objects (i.e., sun\/solar and the North Star\/Polaris).  This is a fairly\n complex procedure. Do not ever observe the sun with the naked eye; or \nthru the eyepiece of an instrument not equipped with a solar filter!<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"attachment\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Attachment<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The legal seizure of property to force payment of a debt.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"attorney in fact\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Attorney in Fact<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">One who holds a \npower of attorney from another allowing him to execute legal documents \nsuch as deeds, mortgages, etc. on behalf of the grantor of the power.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"authentication\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Authentication<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A procedure used by base stations to validate a mobile station's identity at system access.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"avulsion\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Avulsion<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The sudden movement of soil from one property to another as a result of a flood or a shift in the course of a boundary stream.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"away\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Away<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A request by the instrument operator to the target person to position the target away from the instrument.  (See back up)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"az\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Az<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Abbreviation for azimuth.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"azimuth\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Azimuth<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The direction of a \nline in relationship to fixed point (as magnetic True North) expressed \nand measured in a clockwise direction from the north line. This is \nreferred to as a North Azimuth or Azimuth North. There exist an azimuth \nmeasured from the South, but is rarely used north of the equator (except\n in Hawaii.)  An example of an Azimuth would be Azimuth North 270 \ndegrees which would be equal to a due West direction.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"B\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">B<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"b.m.\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">B.M.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Bench Mark<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"bts\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">BTS<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Build-to-suit<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"back slope\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Back Slope<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The slope associated with a roadway which is the slope farthest away from the roadway.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"back up (field)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Back up (field)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A request by the \ninstrument operator to the targetperson to move target away from the \ninstrument. Ideally, with an approximate distance following, (i.e., back\n up 3.5 feet.)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"back up (office)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Back up (office)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An office procedure\n of protecting information by creating a copy of a file on remote device\n (CD or Floppy) to insure a duplicate file in case of loss or corruption\n of original file.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"backsight\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Backsight<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The orientation or \npointing of transit, theodolite or total\nstation towards a known reference point.  Also the pointing of a level \ntowards a point of known elevation or turning point and the recording of\n the reading of the level rod.  This is the procedure used in \ndifferential leveling. <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"balls\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Balls<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveyor\u2019s slang for the numeric value .00, e.g., 4-balls (4.00).<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"bankrupt\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Bankrupt<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A person or entity \nwho, through a court proceeding, is relieved from the payment of all his\n debts after surrender of all his assets to a court appointed trustee.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"base line\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Base Line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the PLSS, a line of latitude running through an initial point. Also, a random line used in a road layout<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"baseline (state)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Baseline (State)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A line which \ndivides the state into Townships. In the State of Alabama, there are two\n Baselines; the Huntsville Baseline and the St. Stephens Baseline.  \nTownships are generally six miles apart and are numbered to the North \nand to the South of the Baseline.  For example; Township 1 North would \nstart at a Baseline and end approximately six miles North of a Baseline.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"bearing\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Bearing<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A direction using \nthe northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest quadrants of a \n360-degree circle. Zero is located at the due north and due south while \ndue east and west are assigned 90 degrees. A bearing cannot be greater \nthan 90 degrees. ie North 42\u00b015'25\" East.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"bench mark\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Bench Mark<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A permanent point, the elevation of which above some definite or assumed datum, is known.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"beneficiary (of a trust)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Beneficiary (of a Trust)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A person designated to receive some benefit from the trust estate.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"binder or commitment\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Binder or Commitment<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An enforceable \nagreement that upon satisfaction of the requirements which are stated in\n the binder the insurer will issue the specified insurance policy \nsubject only to the exceptions stated in the binder. A binder sets forth\n status of title as of a particular date.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"blanket easement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Blanket Easement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Also known as a \nfloating easement, is an easement that is not limited to a specific \nportion of the servient tract over which it was granted but, instead, \nencumbers the entire tract.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"blaze\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Blaze<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A mark or marks on a tree trunk for marking a survey point or boundary point or line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"bond\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Bond<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">(1)An insurance \nagreement under which one party becomes surety to pay, within stated \nlimits, financial loss caused to another by specified acts or defaults \nof a third party; (2) An interest bearing security evidencing a \nlong-term debt, issued by a government or corporation, and sometimes \nsecured by a lien on property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"boundary\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Boundary<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Every separation, natural or artificial, which marks the lines of division of two adjoining properties.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"boundary resolution\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Boundary Resolution<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The boundary lines \nand corners of any property being surveyed as part of an ALTA\/NSPS Land \nTitle Survey shall be established and\/or retraced in accordance with \nappropriate boundary law principles governed by the set of facts and \nevidence found in the course of performing the research and fieldwork.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"boundary survey\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Boundary Survey<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Survey made to \nestablish or reestablish a boundary line on the ground, or to obtain \ndata for constructing a map or plat showing a boundary line.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"bounds\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Bounds<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The external boundary lines, or limiting lines, of property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"break\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Break<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A terrain feature where the slope or angle of the ground, roadway or any other natural or manmade structure changes.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"break tape\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Break Tape<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">To make a horizontal measurement, usually while measuring up or down a slope, by using less than the full length of a tape<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"breakline\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Breakline<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A distinct break in\n the earth\u2019s surface and surrounding area. Breaklines could be used to \ndefine templates for a roadway cross-section. <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"bubble level  (bullseye)       \" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Bubble Level  (bullseye)       <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An optical level \nconsisting of an air bubble in a fluid filled circular container with an\n inscribed circle.  If the bubble level is in proper working order; and \nthe air bubble is within the inscribed circle, then the attached object \nis plumb.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"building (restriction) line or set back\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Building (Restriction) Line or Set Back<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A line fixed at a \ncertain distance from the front and\/or sides of a lot or at a certain \ndistance from a road or street, which line marks the boundary of the \narea within which no part of any building may project. This line may be \nestablished by a filed plat or subdivision, by restrictive covenants in \ndeeds or leases, by building codes or by zoning ordinance.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"building code\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Building Code<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A collection of regulations adopted by a jurisdiction to govern the construction of buildings.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"bulk regulations\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Bulk Regulations<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">These regulations \ncontrol the size and layout of structures, including regulations as to \nopen space, lot lines, maximum building height, and maximum floor area \nratio.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"bureau of land management (blm)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Bureau of Land Management (BLM)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The branch of the federal government in charge of surveying public lands. BLM Manual<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"C\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">C<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"co\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">CO<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Certificate of Occupancy<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"coa\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">COA<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Certificate of Authorization or Certificate of Appropriateness<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"cogo\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">COGO<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Coordinate Geometry<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"cadastral surveying\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Cadastral Surveying<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Survey relating to land boundaries made to create units suitable for title transfer or to define the limitations of title.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"call\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Call<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Found in the deed \ndescription and normally contains a direction, distance, adjoiners, and \nreference trees. (See metes and bounds.)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"called-for\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Called-For<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A monument or other evidence called out in a conveyance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"cardinal directions\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Cardinal Directions<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Direction of lines which run or extend Due or Directly North, South, East and West.\n<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"carrier\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Carrier<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the \ntelecommunications industry, a carrier is a telephone or other company \nthat sells or rents telecommunication transmission services.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"cash flow\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Cash Flow<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A measure of a \ncompany's financial health. Equals cash receipts minus cash payments \nover a given period of time; or equivalently, net profit plus amounts \ncharged off for depreciation, depletion, and amortization.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"centerline of survey\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Centerline of Survey<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A stationed \ngeometric alignment combining tangents and curvatures defining a central\n baseline. This centerline usually represents the alignment to be used \nfor developing a set of plans and ultimately for construction of a \nparticular project.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"central angle\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Central angle<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The angle formed by lines drawn from the P.C. and the P.T. to the radius point.  This angle is also equal to the delta angle.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"certificate of appropriateness (coa)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Certificate of Appropriateness (COA)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">These certificates \napprove work done on buildings within the historic district. Everything \nthat can be seen from outside the house, including windows, doors, paint\n colors, materials, rooflines, gutters, fences and yards must receive a \nCOA confirming that it is appropriate and acceptable.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"certificate of authorization\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Certificate of Authorization<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A license or permit\n issued by a State for an entity to perform Engineering or Land \nSurveying as a separate entity from an individual. The entity has a \nname, other than the individual licensee.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"certificate of occupancy (co)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Certificate of Occupancy (CO)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A certificate of \noccupancy serves three purposes: (1) what the structure is used for; (2)\n that the structure is suitable for occupancy; and (3) that the \nstructure complies with all building codes.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"certificate of title\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Certificate of Title<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An attorney\u2019s written opinion that ownership of the particular parcel of land is, as stated, in his certificate.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"chain\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Chain<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An old surveying \nmeasurement system measuring 66 feet in length and containing 100 links;\n also referred to as a Gunter\u2019s chain.  80 chains are equal to 1 mile. \n10 square chains equals one acre.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"chain of title\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Chain of Title<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A sequence of unbroken conveyances from the original title holder to the present title holder<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"chord (long)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Chord (long)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The part of a curve which is measured along a chord (straight) line from P.C. to P.T. of the same curve.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"chord (short)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Chord (short)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A part of a curve which is measured from any point on a curve to another point on the same curve in a chord (straight) line.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"circle of uncertainty\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Circle of Uncertainty<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A circle which has a radius equal to the maximum probable error<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"clear title\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Clear Title<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Good title of deed, clear from any defects or limitations.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"closing\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Closing<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">(1) The process by \nwhich all the parties to a real estate transaction conclude the details \nof a sale or mortgage. The process includes the signing and transfer of \ndocuments and distribution of funds. (2) A condition in the description \nof real property by courses and distances at the boundary lines where \nthe lines meet to include all the tract of land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"closing corner\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Closing Corner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the PLSS, it is a\n corner established where a survey line intersects a previously fixed \nboundary at a point between corners. Video Link<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"closure\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Closure<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The degree to which a figure closes, i.e., when the end point matches the beginning point on a survey.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"closure (angular) (closed end)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Closure (angular) (closed end)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A surveying \nprocedure and process in which a closed loop is performed by angle and \ndistance measurements from different instrument setups beginning at a \npoint which has a known or assumed bearing or azimuth relationship to \nthe backsight.  At the end of the process, the original point will be \noccupied and an the original backsight will be observed as a foresight. \n The resultant difference in these lines of sight will produce an \nangular error, know as angular error of closure.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"closure (horizontal)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Closure (horizontal)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A surveying \nprocedure and process in which a closed loop is performed by angle and \ndistance measurements from different instrument setups beginning at a \npoint and observing the same point at the conclusion of the closure.  \nThis will result in a linear (straight) line error between the point\u2019s \noriginal location and its location from the last observation.  The ratio\n of linear error between these \u201csame\u201d points to the perimeter of the \nclosure traverse is known as the horizontal error of closure.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"closure (vertical)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Closure (vertical)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A surveying \nprocedure and process in which a closed level loop begins with the level\n rod placed upon a benchmark and the level set at an observation \nposition. Differential leveling is then executed, with the final \nobservation being on the original bench mark. There will usually be a \ndifference in elevation. To determine if the closure is acceptable, \nmultiply the square root of the total distance of the level loop in \nmiles by 0.05 (third order) for the maximum allowable vertical error.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"cloud on title\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Cloud on Title<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A claim or encumbrance that could affect or impair the ownership of a particular parcel.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"co-tenancy\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Co-tenancy<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Ownership of the same interest in a particular parcel of land by more than one person.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"coaxial cable\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Coaxial Cable<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A cable consisting \nof a conducting outer metal tube enclosing and insulated from a central \nconducting core, used for high-frequency transmission of telephone, \ntelegraph, and television signals. Also called coaxial line.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"coinsurance\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Coinsurance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Insurance in which \nmore than one insurer shares a part of a single risk. Insurance with \nanother of a risk. Coinsurance is usually affected by separate contracts\n of insurance by separate companies, each of which undertakes a \nfractional part of the whole risk.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"collateral\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Collateral<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Marketable real or \npersonal property that a borrower pledges as security for a loan. In \nmortgage transactions, specific land is the collateral.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"collocation (also colocation)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Collocation (also colocation)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The mounting or \ninstallation of an antenna on an existing tower, building, or structure \nfor the purpose of transmitting and\/or receiving radio frequency signals\n for communications purposes.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"commitment to insure\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Commitment to Insure<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A report issued by a\n title insurance company, or its agent, showing the condition of the \ntitle and committing the title insurance company to issue a form policy \nas designated in the commitment upon compliance with and satisfaction of\n requirements set forth in the commitment. AKA Title Commitment.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"community property\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Community Property<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A category of \nproperty, existing in some states, in which all property (except \nproperty specifically acquired by husband or wife as separate property) \nacquired by a husband and wife, or either, during marriage, is owned in \ncommon by the husband and wife.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"comprehensive plan\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Comprehensive Plan<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Also known as a \ngeneral plan, master plan or land-use plan, is a document designed to \nguide the future actions of a community. It presents a vision for the \nfuture, with long-range goals and objectives and for all activities that\n affect the local government.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"condemnation\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Condemnation<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Taking private property for public use through court proceedings.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"conditional use\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Conditional Use<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">These uses are \npermitted on a permanent basis within a district so long as the \ngoverning body\u2019s conditions are met. These uses require conditions \nbecause without them, they could negatively impact the parcel of \nbordering properties. Permits for conditional uses are given at the \ndiscretion of the governing body.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"conditional use permit\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Conditional Use Permit<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A permit granted to\n a property owner to make use of real property in a manner allowed under\n current zoning regulations, but only in accordance with conditions to \nbe applied by the zoning authority.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"conditions and restrictions\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Conditions and Restrictions<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A common term used \nto designate the uses to which land may not be put and providing \npenalties for failure to comply. Commonly used by land sub-dividers on \nnewly platted areas.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"condominium\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Condominium<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A system of \nindividual fee ownership of units in a multi-unit structure, combined \nwith joint ownership of common areas of the structure and land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"conservator\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Conservator<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A person appointed \nby the court to protect and preserve the lands and property of an \nindividual physically incapacitated or otherwise not able to handle his \nown affairs.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"constructive notice\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Constructive Notice<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Notice that is implied whether or not it actually exists.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"continuous\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Continuous<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When used in relation to adverse possession, the possession must be unbroken<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"contour\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Contour<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Imaginary line on the ground, all points of which are at the same elevation above or below a specific datum.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"contract\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Contract<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Agreement to sell \nand purchase under which title is withheld from the purchaser until such\n time as the required payments to the seller have been completed.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"control (horizontal)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Control (horizontal)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A series of points \nwhich have been established and proven to be within an allowable and \nspecific tolerance of error.  This proof is accomplished by executing a \nclosed traverse to determine horizontal and angular error. GPS \nprocedures that meet the allowable error are also used to accomplish \nsetting horizontal control. <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"control (vertical)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Control (vertical)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A series of points \nwhich have been established with elevation and proven to be within an \nallowable and specific tolerance of error.  This proof is accomplished \nby executing a closed level loop to determine vertical error. GPS \nprocedures that meet the allowable error are also used to accomplish \nsetting vertical control.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"control points\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Control Points<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Points that have \nbeen established in a series with a high degree of accuracy or \nprecision, to which parcels, mapping, or a construction project may be \ntied.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"convergence\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Convergence<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Where meridians become closer together as they progress northerly and southerly from the equator<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"convey\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Convey<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The act of deeding or transferring title to another.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"conveyance\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Conveyance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An instrument by which title to property is transferred; a deed.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"cooperative\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Cooperative<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A residential multi-unit building owned by and operated for the benefit of persons living within.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"coordinate geometry (cogo)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Coordinate Geometry (COGO)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The mathematical system of geometry used by surveyors to establish and calculate coordinate values.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"coordinate system\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Coordinate System<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A grid where the \naxes are 90\u00b0 apart. Also called a Cartesian Coordinate System. In \nsurveying, typically a State Plane Coordinate System<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"coordinates\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Coordinates<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A numerical \ndesignation which determines the location of points. Most surveyors use \nstate plane coordinates described as Northing, Easting and Elevations. \n(N,E,Z or y,x,z)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"corner\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Corner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The beginning or \nend point of any survey line. The term corner does not imply the \nproperty was in any way square. A corner can be natural (i.e., creek, \nriver, ridge) or artificial (i.e., set stone, fence corner, iron pipe).<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"corner tree\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Corner Tree<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Called for in the deed description and normally marked with three hacks or notches where the line enters and exits the tree.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"course\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Course<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The direction of a line with reference to the meridian.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"covenant\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Covenant<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An agreement \nwritten into deeds and other instruments promising performance or \nnon-performance of certain acts, or stipulating certain uses or non-uses\n of the property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"critical mass\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Critical Mass<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The point at which \nenough action has occurred for a fundamental change to take place; the \npoint where the industry becomes a driving force for global change.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"cross section\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Cross Section<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A line which is \neither perpendicular (at 90 degrees) to the tangent (straight); or \nradial to the curve, of the horizontal alignment which extends across an\n area of required information.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"cul-de-sac\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Cul-de-sac<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The terminus of a street or alley.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"curve radius\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Curve Radius<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The distance between the curve and the center of the circle<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"curve, horizontal (compound)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Curve, horizontal (compound)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Two simple curves \ndefined as follows. The first curve begins at a P.C.; then turns in one \ndirection and follows the curve defined by its particular geometry, to \nits ending point at the P.C.C.  The second curve begins at the same \nP.C.C. then turns in the same direction as the first curve defined by \nits different geometry, to its ending at the P.T.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"curve, horizontal (reverse)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Curve, horizontal (reverse)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Two simple curves \ndefined as follows.  The first curve begins at a P.C.; then turns in one\n direction and follows the curve defined by its particular geometry, to \nits ending point at the P.R.C...  The second curve begins at the same \nP.R.C.; then turns in the opposite direction as the first curve defined \nby its particular geometry, to its ending at the P.T.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"curve, horizontal (simple)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Curve, horizontal (simple)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A part of a circle;\n also known as an Arc, which is defined Geometrically as beginning at a \nP.C. and ending at the P.T. of the same curve.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"curve, vertical\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Curve, vertical<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A curve used in \nhighway design which may be either a sag or a crest designation.  This \ncurve is usually a design, centerline designated, and always a profile \nview.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"cut\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Cut<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A construction survey term describing the depth of material to be removed to achieve a desired elevation at a specific location.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"D\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">D<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"dtm\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">DTM<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Digital Terrain Modeling is a collection of 3-D points that represent the model of the terrain in a specific surveyed area.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"data collector\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Data Collector<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An electronic instrument used to collect data from the field.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"data rate\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Data Rate<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Maximum number of information bits that can be transmitted per second.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"datum\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Datum<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A reference system \nfor computing or correlating the results of surveys. The principal types\n of datum are vertical and horizontal.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"declination (magnetic)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Declination (magnetic)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The angle formed by the difference between magnetic north and true north.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"deed\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Deed<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A signed and \nusually sealed document or writing which conveys some legal transfer, \nbargain, or contract from one party to another.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"deed bust\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Deed Bust<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An error or series \nof errors, which causes the ending point of the calls in a description \nnot to close back to the beginning point. A few examples of what might \ncause the deed bust include poor distance or bearing measurements, \ntypographical errors, distances measured slope rather than horizontal, \ncalls in a description having magnetic meridians measured at different \ntimes, transposed numbers, and calls being omitted or in the wrong \norder.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"deed of trust\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Deed of Trust<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A conveyance of a \nland title by a maker of a note (the debtor) to a third party, a \ntrustee, as collateral security for the payment of the note with the \ncondition that the trustee shall re-convey the title to the debtor upon \npayment of the note, and with power in the trustee to sell the land and \npay the note in the event of a default on the part of the debtor.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"deficiency judgment\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Deficiency Judgment<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A judgment against a\n person liable for the debt secured by a mortgage in an amount by which \nthe funds derived from a foreclosure or trustee\u2019s sale are less than the\n amount due on the debt.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"deflection angle\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Deflection Angle<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An angle measured \nleft or right of a forward tangent.  In the case of the delta angle of a\n circular curve, the total deflection angle is equal to one-half (1\/2) \nof the delta angle. <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"degree\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Degree<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A unit of measure which divides a circle into 360 increments or parts.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"degree of curve\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Degree of Curve<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The central angle \nsubtended by an arc length of 100 feet. This can be more simply \ndescribed as drawing a line from each point at the ends of the 100 foot \narc to the radius point or center of the circle.  The measurement of \nthis angle formed is the degree of curve.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"delivery\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Delivery<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The final and absolute transfer of a deed from seller to buyer in such a manner that the seller cannot recall it.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"delta\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Delta<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The angle or \ndeflection of a curve, measured by the two lines that converge at the \nradius or the angle that is turned at the PI of the curve.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"delta angle\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Delta Angle<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An angle formed by \nintersection of two tangent lines with the first tangent line projected \nforward of the point of intersection of the two lines.  The Delta angle \nis equal to the Central angle.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"density\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Density<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The amount of \ndevelopment allowed per acre, and typically calculated by the number of \ndwelling units per acre (for residential) or floor area ratio (for \ncommercial).<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"departure\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Departure<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">With the north-south line being the latitude of a survey, the east-west line is called the departure.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"devise\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Devise<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The disposition of land by a will.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"differential leveling\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Differential Leveling<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A method of \ntransferring elevations to a desired location. This is accomplished by \nsetting up a level at a location where a level rod, placed on a \nBenchmark whose elevation is known, can be observed and read.  This rod \nreading (referred to as backsight), which is a numerical value expressed\n in hundredths of a foot, is applied to the elevation of the benchmark. \n The sum or total of these values are referred to as the H.I. (Height of\n Instrument).  The level rod is then moved to another location \n(foresight). The rod is read at this location and its value is \nsubtracted from the H.I. and this will be the elevation of the \nforesight.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"differential positioning\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Differential Positioning<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When used with GPS,\n a method whereby positional corrections are transmitted from a GPS \nreceiver at a fixed and known location (base) to a rover such that the \nrover can calculate a more accurate position than it would be able to \nwithout the correction information.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"discount points\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Discount Points<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The amount of money\n the borrower or seller must pay the lender to get a mortgage at a \nstated interest rate. This amount is equal to the difference between the\n principal balance on the note and the lesser amount which a purchaser \nof the note would pay the original lender for it under market \nconditions. A point equals one percent of the loan.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"dominant estate or dominant tenement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Dominant Estate or Dominant Tenement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The land which an easement appurtenant attaches to or the propoerty that uses an easement over another (servient) property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"double center\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Double Center<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">To set a point on a\n projection of a line by sighting the point with the telescope erect and\n inverted and splitting the difference between the two points<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"double nickel\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Double Nickel<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveyor\u2019s slang for the numeric value .55, e.g., 6-double nickel (6.55).<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"double proportionate measurement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Double Proportionate Measurement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the PLSS, \nrestoration of a lost corner by proportionate measurements in both \neast\u2013west and north\u2013south directions from existing monuments<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"dower\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Dower<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An estate for life \nto which a married woman by statute is entitled on the death of her \nhusband. In most states it is a life estate of one third of the value of\n all land which the husband owned during their marriage. Dower has been \nabolished by statute in some states. The reason for requiring a wife\u2019s \njoining in the deed of any land by her husband is the release of her \ndower right.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"drill hole\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Drill Hole<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A hole made in stone or concrete for the purpose of locating a point or property corner.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"drones\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Drones<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Unmanned aerial \nvehicles (UAVs), otherwise known as \u201cdrones\u201d, have been introduced to \nthe land surveying industry. These small, ultra-light weight aircraft \ncan be piloted by remote and can take detailed survey information while \nsimultaneously transmitting that data back to a data collector. This \ncreates highly accurate maps and provides valuable data to companies and\n individuals who are considering major projects on large areas of land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"\ufffd\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">\ufffd<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"\u201cdead man\u201d        \" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">\u201cDead Man\u201d        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An unmanned target \nplaced over a backsight point. This enables the instrument operator to \noccupy multiple setups using a common indivisible backsight.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"E\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">E<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"e-mail (electronic mail)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">E-mail (Electronic Mail)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Messages, usually \ntext, sent from one person to another via computer. E-mail can also be \nsent automatically to a large number of addresses (Mailing List).<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"edge\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">EDGE<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Enhanced Data GSM Environment is a technology used to improve the data transmission rate of a mobile phone network.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"edm\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">EDM<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Electronic Distance\n Meter is a method of determining the length between two points using \nelectromagnetic waves. EDM is commonly carried out with digital \ninstruments called theodolites or total stations.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"erp\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">ERP<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Effective Radiated Power describes the sum of all power radiated by an antenna connected to a transmitter. <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"earnest money\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Earnest Money<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">This is an advance \npayment of part of the purchase price a buyer gives with an offer to \npurchase property. Also called a deposit.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"easement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Easement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Right of use over \nthe property of another. This right may be created by grant, \nreservation, agreement, prescription, or necessary implication, which \none has in the land of another. It is either for the benefit of land \n(appurtenant), such as right to cross A to get to B, or \"in gross\" such \nas a public utility easement.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"easement appurtenant\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Easement Appurtenant<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An easement which attaches to the land not to an individual person, for the benefit of the dominant parcel.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"easement implied from necessity\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Easement Implied from Necessity<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When a grantor \ncreates and conveys a landlocked parcel of land, an easement is implied \nover the grantor\u2019s remaining land to a public road.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"easement implied from prior use\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Easement Implied from Prior Use<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When a grantor \ncreates and conveys a landlocked parcel of land and there was visible \naccess such as a way leading over the grantor\u2019s remaining land to a \nroad, an easement is implied.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"easement implied from a plat\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Easement Implied from a Plat<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Common in \nsubdivisions containing private roads, it addresses the rights which \nowners in a subdivision have over roads not necessarily required to \naccess a public road<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"easement by implication\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Easement by Implication<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When a conveyance does not explicitly call for the easement but the easement must have been intended.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"easement in gross\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Easement in Gross<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An easement which is owned by a person and does not attach to the land<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"economic development\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Economic Development<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The development of \neconomic wealth of countries, regions or communities for the well-being \nof their inhabitants. From a policy perspective, economic development \ncan be defined as efforts that seek to improve the economic well-being \nand quality of life for a community by creating and\/or retaining jobs \nand supporting or growing incomes and the tax base.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"egress\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Egress<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The right to leave a tract of land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"electromagnetic radiation\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Electromagnetic Radiation<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Waves of electric \nand magnetic energy moving together (i.e., radiating) through space at \nthe speed of light. Taken together, all forms of electromagnetic energy \nare referred to as the electromagnetic spectrum.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"electronic data collector\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Electronic Data Collector<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A small digital \ncomputer with a screen which connects to a total station or GPS receiver\n for the purpose of collecting data from the device. If the total \nstation is servo driven, the data collector can drive the instrument.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"electronic distance measuring device \" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Electronic Distance Measuring Device <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A device, usually attached to a total station, which uses light beams to precisely measure distance.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"electronic distance meter\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Electronic Distance Meter<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An electronic \ndistance meter (EDM) is an instrument, which bounces either infrared \nlight or a laser beam off a reflector to measure a distance.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"elevation\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Elevation<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The height or vertical distance of a point above a datum, usually mean sea level.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"eminent domain\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Eminent Domain<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The power to take private property for use where the public interest can best be served.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"encroachment\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Encroachment<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Improvements or uses that extend across a property or easement line without written permission.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"encumbrance\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Encumbrance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A lien, liability or charge upon a parcel of land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"endorsement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Endorsement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A form issued by the insurer at the request of the insured, which changes term(s) or item(s) in an issued policy or commitment.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"enhanced data gsm environment (edge)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A faster version of the Global System for Mobile (GSM) wireless service.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"equity\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Equity<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">(1) The interest or value which an owner has in real estate over and above the debts against it; (2) A type of court of record.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"equity participation\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Equity Participation<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A type of mortgage \ntransaction in which the lender, in addition to receiving a fixed rate \nof interest on the loan, acquires an interest in the borrower\u2019s land and\n shares in the profits derived from the land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"error\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Error<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The difference between an observed or calculated value and a true value. <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"error of closure\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Error of Closure<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The length or \nlength and direction of the gap in a geometric figure where the end \npoint is intended to be the same as the beginning point<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"errors and omissions insurance\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Errors and Omissions Insurance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A policy that pays for any mistakes a surveyor or other covered professional makes in a project.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"escheat\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Escheat<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A reversion of property to the state in those cases where an individual dies without heirs or devisees and without a will.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"escrow\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Escrow<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A procedure whereby a disinterested third party handles legal documents and funds on behalf of a seller and buyer.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"estate\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Estate<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The total assets of a person, including real property, at the time of death.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"estoppel\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Estoppel<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When a property owner induces an abutter to act in a way that is likely to damage the abutter\u2019s interests. Detrimental reliance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"examination of title\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Examination of Title<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The interpretation of the record title to real property based on the title search or abstract.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"exception\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Exception<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In legal \ndescriptions that portion of lands to be deleted or excluded. In title \ncommitments those easements or restrictions over the property to be \nconveyed.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"exception to coverage\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Exception to Coverage<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The second part of a\n title commitment. A list of items that could be encumbering to the \nproperty that are known to the title company. This is part of the \n\u201cSchedule B\u201d of the title commitment. These are examined by the Surveyor\n during an ALTA\/NSPS Land Title Survey.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"exclusive \" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Exclusive <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When used in relation to adverse possession, the possessor must not share the possession with the owner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"exclusive access easement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Exclusive Access Easement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">This is an easement to allow access to a property such as a driveway for access to a public road, highway or utility access.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"executor\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Executor<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A person appointed by the probate court to carry out the terms of a will.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"express easement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Express Easement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A written easement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"external of a curve\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">External of a Curve<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The distance from the P.I. of a curve to the mid-point of said curve.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"F\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">F<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"fema\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">FEMA<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Federal Emergency Management Agency<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"fha\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">FHA<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Federal Housing Administration<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"fhlmc (freddie mac)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">FHLMC (Freddie Mac)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"fnma (fannie mae)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">FNMA (Fannie Mae)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Federal National Mortgage Association<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"federal emergency management agency (fema)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An independent \nagency of the federal government, reporting to the President. Founded to\n reduce loss of life and property and protect our nation's critical \ninfrastructure from all types of hazards through a comprehensive, \nrisk-based, emergency management program of mitigation, preparedness, \nresponse and recovery.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"federal home loan mortgage corporation (freddie mac)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Federal Home Loan \nMortgage Corporation, an affiliate of the Federal Home Loan Bank, which \ncreates a secondary market in conventional residential loans and in FHA \nand VA loans by purchasing mortgages from members of the Federal Reserve\n System and the Federal Home Loan Bank system.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"federal housing administration (fha)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Federal Housing Administration (FHA)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Federal Housing \nAdministration, an agency of the federal government which insures \nprivate loans for financing of new and existing housing and for home \nrepairs under government-approved programs.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"federal national mortgage association (fannie mae)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A federally sponsored, private corporation which provides a secondary market for housing mortgages.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"fee  \" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Fee  <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An ownership interest in real property<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"fee simple absolute\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Fee Simple Absolute<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Absolute ownership (of land) with unrestricted rights of disposition.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"field book\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Field Book<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A small bound or loose leaf book used to record survey field data. This may also be collected by the Data Collector.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"field notes\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Field Notes<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Accumulation of measurements and observations gathered by field crew.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"filed plan\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Filed Plan<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Drawing of plan, showing all vital data gained during a survey, which has been filed in the registry of deeds.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"fill \" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Fill <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A construction survey term describing the depth of material to be added to achieve a desired elevation at a specific location.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"financing statement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Financing Statement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A document prepared\n for filing with the Register of Deeds or Secretary of State indicating \nthat personal property or fixtures is encumbered with a debt.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"first guide meridian east and west\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">First Guide Meridian East and West<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Meridians established 24 miles east and west of the principal meridian<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"first station\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">First Station<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Point of Beginning<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"fixtures\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Fixtures<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Any item of personal property so attached to real property that it becomes a part of the real property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"flood hazard\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Flood Hazard<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Classification for any area determined to be within a high risk of flooding.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"flood plain\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Flood Plain<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Belt of low, flat ground bordering a stream channel that is flooded when runoff exceeds the capacity of the stream channel.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"flood zone\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Flood Zone<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An area that has \nbeen carefully studied by the government to determine the probability of\n flooding due to intensive storms or, along the coast, severe tidal \nconditions. Flood zones are designated to specify the probability and \nfrequency of anticipated flood conditions and range in severity from \nareas of minimal flooding to those where flooding would be frequently \nexpected to occur.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"floor area ratio (far)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Floor Area Ratio (FAR)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The relationship \nbetween the total amount of usable floor area that a building has, or \nhas been permitted for the building, and the total area of the lot on \nwhich the building stands. This ratio is determined by dividing the \ntotal, or gross, floor area of the building by the gross area of the \nlot.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"foot (international)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Foot (International)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Also expressed in \ntenths and hundredths. In conversion to meters, the International foot \nis equal to 0.3048 meters. This can be derived by multiplication - 2.54 \ncm\/in x 12 inches \u00f7 100 cm\/m<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"foot (us survey)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Foot (US Survey)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A unit of \nmeasurement which in Surveying work, is composed of ten (10) tenths \n(1\/10) of a foot.  The tenth is further subdivided in ten increments, \neach of which is equal to one hundredth (1\/100) of a foot.  In \nconversion to other units of measurement, the U.S. survey foot is used \nby location.  For example; a US Survey foot is equal to 0.3048006096 \nmeters. This can be derived from dividing the number of inches in a foot\n by the number of inches in a meter (12\/39.37).<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"foreclosure\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Foreclosure<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Legal process by \nwhich a mortgagee of real property is deprived of his\/her interest in \nthat property due to failure to comply with terms and conditions of the \nmortgage.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"foresight\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Foresight<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A target or prism to which an instrument will measure an angle and\/or angle and distance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"freddie mac\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Freddie Mac<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"front slope\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Front Slope<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">That portion of a roadway which slopes away from the shoulder or next to the edge of the roadway. <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"front up\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Front Up<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A request from \ninstrument operator to the targetman who is standing to one side of the \nprism rod to move the rod in a forward direction.  Ideally, this request\n should be followed by an approximate distance (i.e., front up 3 feet.)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"frontage\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Frontage<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The front of a building or lot.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"G\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">G<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"gis\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">GIS<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Geographic Information System<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"gnma\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">GNMA<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"gps\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">GPS<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Global Positioning System<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"general plan\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">General Plan<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See \u201cComprehensive Plan\u201d<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"general warranty deed\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">General Warranty Deed<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A deed containing a\n covenant whereby the seller agrees to protect the buyer against being \ndispossessed because of any adverse claim against the land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"geodetic marker\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Geodetic Marker<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A survey marker placed by the government in either a horizontal or vertical plane.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"geographic information system (gis)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Geographic Information System (GIS)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A GIS is a computer\n system that captures, stores, analyzes, and displays data related to \nlocations on Earth's surface. GIS can show different types of data on a \nmap, such as streets, buildings, and vegetation, which can help people \nsee patterns and relationships.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"ginney\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Ginney<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveyor\u2019s slang \nfor a wooden dowel 6-9 inches in length with a sharpened end. Set in the\n ground to mark survey points. AKA a hub.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"ginnie mae (gnma)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Ginnie Mae (GNMA)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Government National Mortgage Association<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"give line\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Give Line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The process by which a person holds a prism pole or plumb bob string over a point so it can be sighted by the instrument<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"glass\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Glass<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveyor\u2019s slang for the EDM prism.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"global navigation satellite systems (gnss)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A constellation of \nsatellites and ground stations owned by the United States, Russia, EU, \nand China used for the positioning of receivers on the earth\u2019s surface<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"global positioning system (gps)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Global Positioning System (GPS)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A series of 24 US \ngeosynchronous satellites that continuously transmit their position. \nUsed in personal tracking, navigation, and automatic vehicle location \ntechnologies.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"gore\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Gore<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A thin triangular \npiece of land, the boundaries of which are defined by surveys of \nadjacent properties. Loosely, an overlap or gap between properties. See \nalso strip.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"government national mortgage association (ginnie mae)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A government \ncorporation which provides a secondary market for housing mortgages and \nspecial assistance to mortgagee financing housing under special FHA \nmortgage insurance programs.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"gradient (front and back slope)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Gradient (Front and Back Slope)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A method of \ndefining a slope which is usually expressed as a ratio (i.e.; for \nexample, 3:1 slope means 3 feet horizontal and 1 foot vertical).<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"gradient (pavement cross slope)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Gradient (Pavement Cross Slope)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A method of \ndefining the cross-slope of pavement which is described as inch per foot\n (1\/4 inch per foot, for example) or as a percentage per foot (0.02 foot\n per foot, for example).<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"gradient (pipe)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Gradient (pipe)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A method of \ndefining the rate of fall or slope of a pipe which is usually expressed \npercentage per foot (.001 foot per foot, for example).<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"grandfathered clauses\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Grandfathered Clauses<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The term \n\u201cgrandfathering\u201d is a misnomer for a legal prior non-conforming use. A \n\u201cgrandfathering\u201d situation occurs when an existing use was in compliance\n with zoning regulations at the time it began, but changes to the \nregulations have caused the use to become non-conforming. If the owner \nsells the property, the buyer will have the right to continue the \nnon-conforming use, causing people to label the use as \u201cgrandfathered.\u201d<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"grantee\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Grantee<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">One who acquires land or some interest in land<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"grantor\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Grantor<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">One who conveys land or some interest in land<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"grid\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Grid<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A network of uniformly spaced, parallel lines intersecting at right angles.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"grid north\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Grid North<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The direction of the north\u2013south grid lines on a state plane coordinate system. Lines are parallel to the Grid Meridian.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"group parking facility\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Group Parking Facility<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A building, structure or lot used for parking that serves more than one dwelling unit.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"guardian\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Guardian<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">One appointed by the court to administer the affairs of an individual not capable of administering his own affairs.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"gun\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Gun<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveyor\u2019s slang. See EDM<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"gunter\u2019s chain\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Gunter\u2019s Chain<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A Chain. Unit of length equal to 66 feet (4 rods) long with 100 links (0.66 ft each)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"H\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">H<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"hal\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">HAL<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An acronym for Horizontal Alignment.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"hi\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">HI<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An abbreviation for Height of Instrument.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"hand level\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Hand Level<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A low-precision instrument used in obtaining elevations.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"hand leveling\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Hand Leveling<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A low-precision \nsurveying operation used in obtaining elevations.  This operation uses a\n Hand level, a Jacob\u2019s staff, a cloth\/fiberglass tape and a level rod.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"hectare\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Hectare<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Metric unit of measure denoting 10,000 square meters or 2.471 acres, or 107,639 square feet.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"heir\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Heir<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">One who might \ninherit or succeed to an interest in lands under the rules of law \napplicable where an individual dies without leaving a will.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"heirs and assigns\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Heirs and Assigns<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Terminology used in\n deeds and wills to provide that the recipient receives a \u201cfee simple \nestate\u201d in lands rather that a lesser interest.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"hiatus\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Hiatus<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A gap or space unintentionally left between, when attempting to describe adjacent parcels of land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"highway marker\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Highway Marker<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A stone bound placed by the State Highway Department denoting the sidelines, curve points, and offsets of highway points.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"hinge point        \">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Hinge Point        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A point on the back\n slope of a roadway where the design template or typical section \ndistances and slope grades meets natural ground.        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"homestead\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Homestead<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An estate in land, \nwhich a householder has in the property that he and his family occupy as\n their residence. Their estate is exempt from forced sale to satisfy \nhouseholder\u2019s debts.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"horizontal angle\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Horizontal Angle<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An angle which is \nmeasured on a horizontal plane.  This angle is measured from the \nbacksight by the instrument, which is usually expressed as angle right \nor left of the Backsight line.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"horizontal measure\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Horizontal Measure<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The law requires \nall distance measurements to be on a horizontal plane. Today, many \nsurveyors measure the slope distance and the vertical angle to calculate\n the horizontal distance. However, some old surveys used slope measure \ncausing a resurvey of those lines to have distances that appear shorter \nthan what was called for in the deed.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"horizontal measurement or horizontal distance\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Horizontal Measurement or Horizontal Distance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A measurement made in a plane which is perpindicular to the line of gravity.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"horizontal plane\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Horizontal Plane<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An imaginary flat \nsurface that extends in all directions from a point on or near the \nsurface of the surface of the earth.  This plane will be tangent \n(touching the arc of the earth in only one place) to the earth\u2019s arc.  \nThis plane will be perpendicular to an axis drawn from the center of the\n earth thru the point of observation.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"hostile\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Hostile<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When used in context with adverse possession and prescription, the possession must be adverse to the interests of the owner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"hours\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Hours<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveyor\u2019s slang for degrees. Based on 60 minutes in an hours and 60 minutes in a degree.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"hub and tack\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Hub and Tack<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveyor\u2019s slang for a 2 x 2\u201d stake set in the ground that contains a nail (tack) to precisely mark the point being set.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"hydrology\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Hydrology<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The scientific \nstudy of the waters of the Earth, especially with relation to the \neffects of precipitation and evaporation upon the occurrence and \ncharacter of ground water.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"I\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">I<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"improvements\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Improvements<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Those additions to raw lands tending to increase value such as buildings, streets, sewers, etc.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"in testate\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">In Testate<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Designates the estate or condition of failing to leave a will at death.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"inch(s)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Inch(s)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A unit of \nmeasurement which equals one twelfth (1\/12) of a foot.  This unit of \nmeasure is used in surveying work to describe pipe diameter, property \niron diameter, and tree diameter measured at chest height.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"inchoate courtesy\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Inchoate Courtesy<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The imperfected interest the law gives a husband in the lands of his wife.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"inchoate dower\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Inchoate Dower<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The imperfected interest the law gives a wife in the lands of her husband.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"incorporate\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Incorporate<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">To make a part of<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"ingress\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Ingress<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The right to enter a tract of land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"initial point\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Initial Point<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the PLSS, a fixed point from which townships are established<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"instrument\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Instrument<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A surveying instrument such as a transit, theodolite or total station<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"instrument person\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Instrument Person<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The person charged \nwith the responsibility for the care and use of an instrument such as a \nlevel, transit, theodolite or total station<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"insurance of title\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Insurance of Title<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Insurance as to who\n owns a specified interest in designated real estate, and showing as \nexceptions to the insured interest the defects, liens and encumbrances \nwhich exist as against that insured interest.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"insured estate\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Insured Estate<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The first part of a\n title commitment that describes the interest in the specific property \nthat is going to be insured. This is part of the Schedule \u2018A\u2019 of the \ntitle commitment.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"intention of the parties to the conveyance\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Intention of the Parties to the Conveyance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">What the grantor and grantee agreed to at the time of the conveyance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"intersections\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Intersections<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Coordinate geometry\n calculations which determine the location of a point not usually \nlocated by field surveying location applications.  There are three types\n of intersection routines; Bearing-Bearing, Bearing-Distance, and \nDistance and Distance. Each has a specific application and results.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"intervisible\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Intervisible<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The ability to visually see between points<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"invert\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Invert<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">To turn a rod upside down and get a reading on an overhead object. Surveyors also use this term to describe flowlines of pipes.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"J\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">J<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"jacob's staff\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Jacob's Staff<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A rod, pole, or \nsimilar object of a known height. This height is usually an even foot \nincrement measured from the bottom of the staff to the center of a hand \nlevel placed on top of the staff.  This even foot increment allows for \nease of calculating elevations.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"joint tenancy\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Joint Tenancy<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Where two or more persons hold real estate jointly for life, the survivors to take the interest of the one who dies.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"judgment\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Judgment<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">(1) A formal decision or decree of a court; (2) a certificate evidencing such a decree<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"judgment lien\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Judgment Lien<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The charge upon the\n lands of a debtor resulting from the decree of a court properly \nrecorded in the office of the county recorder in the county in which the\n property is located.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"junior mortgage\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Junior Mortgage<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A mortgage, the lien of which is subordinate to that of another mortgage.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"junior and senior rights\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Junior and Senior Rights<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Rights in property acquired through a sequence of conveyances by a common grantor.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"jurisdiction\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Jurisdiction<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The official power to make legal decisions and judgments.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"L\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">L<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"l or lc or a\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">L or LC or A<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The length of a curve along the curve itself. Often called the Arc Length<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"lmds (local multipoint distribution service)\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Service)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Located in the 28 \nGHz and 31 GHz bands, LMDS is a broadband radio service designed to \nprovide two-way transmission of voice, high-speed data and video \n(wireless cable TV). FCC rules prohibit incumbent local exchange \ncarriers and cable TV companies from offering in-region LMDS.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"loma\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">LOMA<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Letter of map amendment as referred to by FEMA relating to the change in the flood hazard of a particular location or structure.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"labor\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Labor<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The unit of area used in Mexico and Texas equal to 1 million square varas. Approximately equal to about 177.1 acres (71.67 ha.) <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"land use plan\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Land Use Plan<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See \u201cComprehensive Plan\u201d<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"land use regulation\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Land Use Regulation<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Ordinances of \ngovernment including requirement of permits and codes created to ensure \nprivate use of land resources are aligned with policy standards. Some \nforms of land use regulations including housing codes, regulations for \nsubdivisions, zoning ordinances, and building codes.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"landlocked\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Landlocked<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Refers to a \nproperty that has no direct access to a public street, so the only way \non or off the property is to cross land owned by someone else. Usually, a\n landlocked property gains street access through a legal permission \ncalled an easement.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"landmark\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Landmark<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A survey mark made on a permanent feature of the land such as a tree, pile of stones, etc.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"latitude\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Latitude<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The angular distance (in degrees, minutes, and seconds) of a point on the Earth\u2019s surface north or south from the equator.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"latitude and departure\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Latitude and Departure<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Latitude is the \ndistance measured northerly on a coordinate grid. Departure is the \ndistance measured easterly on a coordinate grid<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"lattice\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Lattice<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A self-supporting \ntower that is tapered from the bottom up, usually with three or four \nlegs. Lattice structures can reach heights of up to 1,000 feet.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"league (legua)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">League (legua)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The unit of area \nused in the southwest United States, equal to 25 labors, or 25 million \nsquare varas. Also approximately equal to 4,428.4 acres in Texas, or \n4,439 acres in Alaska.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"lease\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Lease<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A grant of the use of property for a term of years in consideration of the payment of a monthly or annual rental.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"legal blemish\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Legal Blemish<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Blemishes on a piece of property, such as a zoning violation or fraudulent title claim.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"legal description\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Legal Description<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A specific way of identifying and locating a piece of real estate that is acceptable to a court.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"legend\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Legend<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart shown either by a symbol or abbreviation.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"legs\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Legs<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveyor\u2019s slang for tripod.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"lessee\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Lessee<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">One who takes lands upon a lease.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"lessor\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Lessor<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">One who grants lands under a lease.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"level loop\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Level Loop<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The process of \nmeasuring and proving the elevation at a specified location relative to \nanother known elevation. For all differential leveling, it is good \npractice to close the leveling loop. Closing the loop is accomplished by\n returning to the original starting point. If we were to complete our \nlevel loop with complete accuracy, our computed final elevation would be\n exactly the same as the benchmark elevation used to initiate the \nsurvey. This comparison of the starting elevation and the computed \nending elevation is termed closure.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"level rod\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Level Rod<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A rod used in leveling operations, graduated or incremented in 1\/100ths of a foot.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"level, automatic\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Level, Automatic<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A type of level \nhaving a compensating device that maintains a horizontal line of sight \nwhen the instrument is approximately leveled. Level is used to transfer \nelevations from one point to another.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"level, electronic\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Level, Electronic<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A surveying \ninstrument capable of transferring elevations with a high degree of \nprecision.  This is accomplished by use of a special level rod, \nbar-coded on one side.  This bar-coded side is faced toward the \ninstrument, the rod is plumbed and leveled, and the bar code is scanned \nby the instrument and a reading is displayed and\/or recorded.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"lien\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Lien<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A hold, a claim or a charge allowed a creditor upon the lands of a debtor.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"life estate\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Life Estate<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A grant or reservation of the right of use, occupancy and ownership for the life of an individual.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"line\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The direction of a \nsurvey. Also a request by the target person to the instrument operator \nto position a line rod or prism rod for direction orientation.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"line rod\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Line Rod<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A rod which is usually painted in alternating colors of red and white, each color being one foot in length.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"line tree\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Line Tree<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Any tree that is on a property line, specifically one that is also a corner to another property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"linen\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Linen<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A type of material \nupon which ink drawings of land surveys were formerly drawn for filing \nin registries of deeds. Mylars are used now, if not replaced by \nelectronic filing.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"link\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Link<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A land measurement that equals 1\/100th of a chain or 66\/100th of a foot.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"lis pendens\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Lis Pendens<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A legal notice \nrecorded in the official records of a county to indicate that a suit is \npending affecting the lands where the notice is recorded.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"littoral rights\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Littoral Rights<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Property rights related to water boundaries along an ocean or lake<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"load capacity\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Load Capacity<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The quantity that is or can be carried at one time.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"local area network (lan)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Local Area Network (LAN)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A data \ncommunications system that (a) lies within a limited spatial area, (b) \nhas a specific user group, (c) has a specific topology, and (d) is not a\n public switched telecommunications network, but may be connected to \none.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"locate\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Locate<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Using an instrument to turn an angle and measure a distance to a target or other object<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"locus\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Locus<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The location. The property at issue. The property being surveyed<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"longitude\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Longitude<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The angular \ndistance (in degrees, minutes, and seconds) of a point on the Earth\u2019s \nsurface east or west of the Greenwich meridian.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"lost corner\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Lost Corner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the PLSS, where \nthe location of the corner cannot be determined from marks or evidence, \nso that it must be replaced by measurements from\nother corners<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"lot\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Lot<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A measured parcel of land having fixed boundaries. A part of a plat of multiple lots.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"lot area\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Lot Area<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The area (in square feet or acreage) of a separate zoning lot.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"lot coverage\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Lot Coverage<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">That portion of a zoning lot which, when viewed from above, is covered by a building or impervious surface.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"lot depth\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Lot Depth<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The mean horizontal distance between the front lot line and rear lot line of a zoning lot.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"lot width\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Lot Width<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The mean horizontal distance between the side lot lines of a zoning lot, normally measured at the front property line.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"low distortion projection\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Low Distortion Projection<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A two dimensional \nrectangular coordinate system\nlocated at an elevation designed to minimize distortion between \nmeasurements made on the ground and those on the coordinate system<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"low frequency (lf)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Low Frequency (LF)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Any frequency in the band from 30 kHz to 300 kHz.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"M\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">M<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"magnetic dip\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Magnetic Dip<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The angular downward tilt of a compass needle as measured from horizontal<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"magnetic north\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Magnetic North<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The northerly \ndirection in the Earth's magnetic field indicated by the north-seeking \npole of a compass needle. Based on the Magnetic North Pole, which moves \ndaily. Surveyors today shouldn't use this for defining directions.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"majority\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Majority<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">This is the age at which a person is entitled to handle his own affairs.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"marketable title\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Marketable Title<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A good title about which there is no fair or reasonable doubt.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"master plan\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Master Plan<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See \u201cComprehensive Plan\u201d<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"mean high water\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Mean High Water<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The average of all high water heights observed over a 19 year period<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"mean sea level\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Mean Sea Level<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Tidal datum that is\n the arithmetic mean of the hourly water elevations observed over a \nspecific 19-year Metonic cycle (National Tidal Datum Epoch).<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"meander corner\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Meander Corner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the PLSS, an intersection of a meander line with a section or township line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"meander line\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Meander Line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Metes-and-bounds \ntraverse approximately along the mean high water line of a permanent \nbody of water. A meander line differs from other metes-and-bounds \nsurveys in that it does not ordinarily determine or fix boundaries. \nVideo Link<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"measure angle\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Measure Angle<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">To use an instrument to measure an angle<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"mechanics lien\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Mechanics Lien<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A lien allowed by \nstatute to contractors, laborers, and suppliers against a property upon \nwhich work has been performed or materials supplied to seek payment.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"meridian\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Meridian<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Great circle on the\n surface of the Earth passing through the geographical poles and any \ngiven point on the Earth\u2019s surface. All points on a given meridian have \nthe same longitude.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"meter\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Meter<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An international \nunit of measure which is equal to 39.37 inches (U.S. Survey foot) \nprecisely. The International foot is 0.3048 meters precisely.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"metes and bounds\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Metes and Bounds<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A method of \ndescribing the limits or boundaries of a parcel of land by distance and \ndirection and by reference to physical monuments<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"minute\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Minute<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A unit of angle measurement.  There are sixty (60) minutes in one Degree.        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"monument\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Monument<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A natural or placed\n artificial physical object intended as a landmark or survey marker such\n as a stone shaft or iron rod sunk into the ground; normally at a \nproperty corner.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"moratorium\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Moratorium<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When a governing \nbody is considering the amendment of its zoning ordinance or planning \ndocuments, it may decide to enact a temporary ban, a \u201cmoratorium\u201d on \nzoning applications for the uses being considered.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"more or less\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">More or Less<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A term used not \nbecause someone did not know the exact area, but to show that the tract \nis conveyed by the area contained within the description and not by the \nacre. This also refers to the inherint error present in ALL \nmeasurements.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"mortgage\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Mortgage<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An instrument used to encumber land as security for a debt.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"mortgage acceleration clause\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Mortgage Acceleration Clause<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Acceleration Clause<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"mortgagee\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Mortgagee<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A designation for the mortgage holder on lands.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"mortgagor\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Mortgagor<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A designation for the mortgage borrower on lands.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"municipality\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Municipality<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A city, town or other district possessing corporate existence and usually its own local government<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"N\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">N<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"nepa\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">NEPA<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See National Environmental Policy Act 1969<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"nsps\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">NSPS<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">National Society of Professional Surveyors<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"national environmental policy act 1969 (nepa), 42 usc \u00a7\u00a7 4321 et seq.\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">National Environmental Policy Act 1969 (NEPA), 42 USC \u00a7\u00a7 4321 et seq.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">NEPA is the basic \nnational charter for protection of the environment. It requires all \nFederal agencies to implement procedures to make environmental \nconsideration a necessary part of an agency's decision-making process. \nSpecifically, NEPA and the regulatory guidelines established by the \nCouncil on Environmental Quality which implemented the Act, 40 C.F.R. \u00a7\u00a7\n 1500 et seq., require all Federal agencies to take into account \nenvironmental consequences when making decisions which could be \nconsidered major federal actions. The FCC complies with NEPA by \nrequiring licensees to review their proposed actions for environmental \nconsequences.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"national society of professional surveyors (nsps)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">National Society of Professional Surveyors (NSPS)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">This society is \nopen to all professional surveyors and to persons trained, registered, \nor interested in the profession of surveying and mapping. NSPS strives \nto establish and further common interests, objectives, and political \neffort that would help bind the surveying profession into a unified body\n in the United States.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"natural monument\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Natural Monument<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Streams, lakes, shores, ledge outcrops, and sometimes streets and highways, used as boundary markers.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"non-conforming lot\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Non-Conforming Lot<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A lot is one that, \nat the time of its establishment, met the minimum lots size requirements\n for the zone in which it is located but which, because of subsequent \nchanges to the minimum lot size applicable to that zone, is now smaller \nthan that minimum lot size.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"non-conforming structure\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Non-Conforming Structure<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A structure that \ncomplied with zoning and development regulations at the time it was \nbuilt but which, because of subsequent changes to the zoning and\/or \ndevelopment regulations, no longer fully complies with those \nregulations.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"non-conforming use\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Non-Conforming Use<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A use of property \nthat was allowed under the zoning regulations at the time the use was \nestablished but which, because of subsequent changes in those \nregulations, is no longer a permitted use.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"north (grid)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">North (Grid)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A system of map \norientation where the surface of the earth is divided by lines running \nNorth and South, East and West according to some grid coordinate system.\n North is based on the meridian of that grid coordinate system, which is\n based on True North. There is a Grid Convergence value at each grid \nline.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"north (magnetic)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">North (Magnetic)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A system of map \norientation which uses Magnetic North as determined by the location of \nthe earth\u2019s magnetic poles at the time of observation.  Note: Magnetic \nNorth changes from year to year, and daily. It is not used by \nprofessional surveyors.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"notary public\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Notary Public<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An official authorized by law to attest and certify certain documents by his hand and official seal.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"note\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Note<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A written promise \nto pay an amount of money at a certain time or in a certain number of \ninstallments. The note usually provides for payment of interest. The \nnote is at times secured by a mortgage.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"O\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">O<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"obliterated monument\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Obliterated Monument<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the PLSS, where there is no remaining evidence of a monument but there is evidence of its location<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"occupied point\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Occupied Point<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A point on which the instrument or GPS receiver is set<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"on line\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">On Line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A condition whereby a target, prism pole, plumb bob, etc. is in line with the vertical cross hair of an instrument<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"open space\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Open Space<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Any open piece of land that is undeveloped (has no buildings or other built structures) and is accessible to the public.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"open and notorious\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Open and Notorious<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When related to \nadverse possession and prescription, the possession must be so openly \nvisible that it would be obvious to the owner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"open-end mortgage\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Open-End Mortgage<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A mortgage or deed of trust written so as to secure and permit advancing of funds in addition to the amount originally loaned.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"optical plummet\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Optical Plummet<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An optical device including a right angle prism which allows a tribrach to be precisely centered over a point<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"original survey\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Original Survey<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A survey in which new boundaries are created<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"orthophotography\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Orthophotography<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An orthophoto is an image of ground features in their true map coordinates, created photogrammetrically from aerial photography.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"overburdening an easement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Overburdening an Easement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Use of an easement which was not contemplated when the easement was created<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"overlay district\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Overlay District<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A district \nsuperimposed upon another district which supersedes, modifies or \nsupplements the underlying regulations. Limited height districts and \ncommercial overlay districts are examples of overlay districts.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"overloading an easement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Overloading an Easement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Use of an easement to service land which was not contemplated when the easement was created<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"ownership\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Ownership<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The right to possess and use property to the exclusion of others.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"P\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">P<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"p.c.\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">P.C.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Point of Curvature.  The beginning of a curve.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"p.c.c.\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">P.C.C.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Point of Compound Curve<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"p.i.\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">P.I.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Point of Intersection.  In a curve, the point where the back tangent intersects the forward tangent.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"p.r.c.\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">P.R.C.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Point of Reverse Curve<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"p.t.\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">P.T.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Abbreviation for Point of Tangency. The end of a curve.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"plss\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">PLSS<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The Public Land Survey System. A rectangular system of dividing land used in the western United States<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"pob\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">POB<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Point of Beginning<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"poc\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">POC<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Point of Commencement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"parapet\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Parapet<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A low wall or protective barrier that extends vertically above the roof of a building or other structure.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"parcel\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Parcel<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A part or portion of land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"parole evidence\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Parole Evidence<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Evidence gathered by the surveyor from verbal testimony of landowners or adjacent landowners as to the location of boundaries.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"partition\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Partition<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Division of land, usually by a legal proceeding, among the parties who were formerly co-owners.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"party chief or crew chief\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Party Chief or Crew Chief<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The person in charge of a survey crew<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"party wall\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Party Wall<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A wall which divides two adjoining properties and in which each of the owners shares the rights.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"patent\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Patent<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A document issued for the purpose of granting public lands to an individual.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"perch\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Perch<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">(See Pole)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"personal property\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Personal Property<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Anything subject to ownership that is not real property<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"photogrammetric mapping\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Photogrammetric Mapping<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The production of \nbase maps from aerial photography. Mapping generated using \nphotogrammetry provides a cost-effective method of establishing an \naccurate digital base for such things as urban planning, terrain \nanalysis and forest management. Photogrammetry can be used for landfill \nor gravel pit monitoring, determining the location of ore bodies or \ndetermining proposed locations for utilities, such as pipelines and \ntransmission lines.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"physical evidence\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Physical Evidence<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Also called Real Evidence. Physical objects such as\nmonuments, roads, lakes and rivers<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"pile of stones\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Pile of Stones<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">heap of stones used to mark a property corner or sometimes placed at intervals along property lines<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"pin\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Pin<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A small metal \ncylinder usually of steel, copper, brass or aluminum which is placed \ninto the ground, or a hole in stone or concrete for marking a property \ncorner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"plan, survey plan, plat or map\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Plan, Survey Plan, Plat or Map<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A drawing showing the results of a survey<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"planimeter\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Planimeter<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A mechanical instrument used to trace the boundary of a plane figure for the purpose of calculating its area<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"planned unit development (pud)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Planned Unit Development (PUD)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A mixed-use development (often residential, retail and office) with a cohesive design plan.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"planning board\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Planning Board<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See \u201cPlanning Commission\u201d<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"planning commission\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Planning Commission<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A group of citizens appointed by local government officials to conduct hearings and recommend amendments to zoning ordinances.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"plat or plot\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Plat or Plot<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A map representing a piece of land subdivided into lots with streets shown thereon.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"plenum\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Plenum<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The space above a \nsuspended ceiling or under a raised floor, used to circulate air back to\n the heating or cooling system in a building.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"plumb\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Plumb<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A condition in which an object points straight down vertically towards the center of the earth.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"plumb the rod\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Plumb the Rod<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A condition in which an object points straight down vertically towards the center of the earth.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"point\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Point<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A specific place or position.  This may or may not be monumented.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"point code        \">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Point Code        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An alphanumeric identifier of a particular point. For example; point code 200 (or EP) identifies a point as edge of pavement.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"point number\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Point Number<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A unique and specific number assigned to a point.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"point of beginning (pob)\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Point of Beginning (POB)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The starting point of the surveyed property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"point of commencement (poc)\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Point of Commencement (POC)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A known point \noutside the property boundary that ties the property to a well \nestablished corner. This ties the POB to a known point on the face of \nthe Earth, for example to a Section corner from the Public Land Survey \nSystem.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"point on line\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Point on Line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A point set on an existing line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"polaris\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Polaris<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">This is the another\n name of the North Star. It is in the constellation Ursa Minor and marks\n the end of the handle of the Little Dipper. Polaris's location, less \nthan 1\u00b0 from the north pole, makes it a very important navigational \nstar. Surveyors will locate and observe the location of Polaris in order\n to establish true north.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"pole\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Pole<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Unit of measure; 25 links or 16 \u00bd feet. One fourth of a chain.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"polyline (plan view)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Polyline (plan view)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A type of line in \nsurveying software that in plan view has only two dimensional values, \ni.e. horizontal or x and y, but no real vertical value.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"polyline (profile view)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Polyline (profile view)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A type of line in surveying software that in profile view represents a station and elevation value along a certain alignment.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"positional dilution of precision (pdop)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Positional Dilution of Precision (PDOP)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In GPS or GNSS, a number indicating the effect of satellite geometry on the accuracy of measurements<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"possession line\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Possession Line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A use line defined \nby a fence, tree line, painted lines, mowed areas, or some other means \nthat may or may not agree with the record (deed) calls.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"post-processing\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Post-Processing<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When used in \nconjunction with static GPS, it is a software method used to adjust and \ncalculate the coordinates of points which were previously occupied by \nGPS receivers<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"power of attorney\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Power of Attorney<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An instrument authorizing another to act on one\u2019s behalf as his agent or attorney.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"practical location\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Practical Location<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Where the location of a boundary is not determined from a writing but by agreement, acquiescence, or occupation<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"precision\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Precision<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The consistency of a\n group of measurements which should not be confused with the accuracy of\n these measurements. Relates to the repeatability of the group of \nmeasurements.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"prepayment penalty\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Prepayment Penalty<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Penalty to the mortgagor for payment of the mortgage debt before it becomes due.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"prescription\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Prescription<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Acquiring an easement through use, not by virtue of a writing<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"primary use\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Primary Use<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The principal or dominant use of the land, such as residing in a home, running business or manufacturing a product.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"principal meridian\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Principal Meridian<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the PLSS, a line of longitude running through an initial point<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"prism  \" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Prism  <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A glass reflector \nalso called a corner cube prism, which is used to reflect light from an \nEDM back to the EDM so that the distance between the EDM and the Prism \ncan be measured<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"prism offset\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Prism Offset<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An adjustment to \nthe distance measured between an EDM and a prism used to account for the\n speed and path of light and the mounting of the prism.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"prism pole\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Prism Pole<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A portable extendable pole used for mounting a prism commonly used for measuring to physical evidence<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"prism rod\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Prism Rod<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A rod which is \nthreaded on one end to accept a prism and pointed on the other end to \nplace upon a point.  The rod also has a bullseye bubble level attached \nto allow the rod to be plumbed.  <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"private street\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Private Street<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A street which may be used only by those having deeded rights<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"privity\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Privity<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A mutual or successive relation between parties to the same real property<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"professional surveyor\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Professional Surveyor<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A person who has \nfulfilled all the experience and testing requirements outlined in the \ncode of the state that governs the practice of land surveying. This \nqualifies a person to survey for the public. It is illegal for anyone to\n survey for the public without a license.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"project management\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Project Management<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Managing and planning job tasks to ensure projects are completed in a timely and successful manner.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"property corner\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Property Corner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A place where two or more land ownership boundaries cross or meet.  This position or place may or may not be monumented.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"property line\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Property Line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A place where two or more land ownership boundaries cross or meet.  This position or place may or may not be monumented.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"public land system\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Public Land System<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Public lands are \nsubdivided by a rectangular system of surveys established and regulated \nby the Bureau of Land Management. The standard format for subdivision is\n by townships measuring six miles (480 chains) on a side.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"public records\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Public Records<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Records which by law impart constructive notice of matters relating to land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"public street\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Public Street<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A street over which the general public has a right of access<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"pueblo\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Pueblo<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A Spanish land grant of less than 1,000 acres.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"punk\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Punk<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveyor\u2019s slang for railroad.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"purchase money mortgage\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Purchase Money Mortgage<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A mortgage given by\n the purchaser to the seller simultaneously with the purchase of real \nestate to secure the unpaid balance of the purchase price.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"Q\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">Q<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"quadrant\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Quadrant<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">One quarter of a circle: 90\u00b0. Used in surveying to refer to the four quadrants: Northeast, Southeast, Southwest and Northwest<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"quiet title\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Quiet Title<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The removal of a cloud on title by proper action in a court.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"quiet title action\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Quiet Title Action<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">To bring into court a proceeding to establish title to land by forcing the claimant to establish his claim.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"quit claim\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Quit Claim<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The release or relinquishment of a claim to land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"quit claim deed\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Quit Claim Deed<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A legal instrument \nused to release one person's right, title, or interest to another \nwithout providing a guarantee or warranty of title.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"R\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">R<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"r.o.w.\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">R.O.W.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Abbreviation for \nRight-Of-Way.  The right-of-way line is a boundary between the owner of \nthe right-of-way and the adjoining land owners.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"rea\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">REA<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Reciprocal easement agreement.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"rsa\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">RSA<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Rural Service Area<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"rancho\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Rancho<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A Spanish land grant of more than 1,000 acres.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"range\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Range<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the U.S. public \nland surveying system, a north-south column of townships, identified as \nbeing east or west of a reference longitudinal meridian, for example, \nRange 3 West.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"rangefinding\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Rangefinding<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Optically measuring distance using stadia hairs in a surveying instrument telescope<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"real estate\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Real Estate<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Pertaining to \nthings fixed, permanent, or immovable, as to lands and tenements; as, \nreal property, in distinction from personal or movable property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"real property\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Real Property<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Land and things affixed to the land<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"rebar\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Rebar<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Steel concrete reinforcing bar sometimes placed into the ground as a means of locating a property corner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"reconnaissance\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Reconnaissance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The time spent in the field prior to the traverse finding evidence of the property lines and corners relative to the survey.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"reconveyance\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Reconveyance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A deed from the \nmortgagee or trustee of a deed of trust which releases specific property\n from the lien of the mortgage or deed of trust.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"record boundaries\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Record Boundaries<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Boundaries described in a deed or plan<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"record evidence\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Record Evidence<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Written evidence recorded with a public agency such as deeds and plans.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"record evidence\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Record Evidence<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Written evidence recorded with a public agency such as deeds and plans<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"record line\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Record Line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The property line \nas defined by the deeds. The surveyor is responsible for retracing the \nrecord line and showing any encroachments resulting from possession \nlines on the plat of survey. The court, not the surveyor, has the right \nto establish a possession line as a boundary line as long as the \nrequirements of the law are fulfilled.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"record monuments\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Record Monuments<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A boundary marker called for in a deed such as the name of an abutter<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"redemption\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Redemption<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The right of the \nowner in some states to reclaim title to his property if he pays the \ndebt to the mortgagee within a stipulated time after foreclosure.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"reference station\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Reference Station<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When used with RTK \nGPS, a GPS receiver located at a fixed and known point which is capable \nof transmitting correction data to a GPS rover<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"reference tree\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Reference Tree<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A tree used to \nreference a corner or a monument on line and normally marked with three \nhacks or notches facing the corner or monument. They are sometimes \nreferred to as witness trees.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"reference point\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Reference point<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A point with a known relationship to another point used to assist in the locating or re-establishment of another point. <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"reflector\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Reflector<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A prism used to reflect light back to an EDM.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"reflectorless total station\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Reflectorless Total Station<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A total station which is able to measure distances to an object without the need for using a prism<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"registered land surveyor\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Registered Land Surveyor<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Professional Surveyor<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"registry of deeds\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Registry of Deeds<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Place where deeds and plans of land, mortgages, and realty instruments are filed.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"reinsurance\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Reinsurance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The act of an insurer is sole insurer for a portion of the risk and shares the risk in the excess amount with the reinsurers.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"reissue rate\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Reissue Rate<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A reduced rate of \ntitle insurance premium applicable in cases where the owner of the land \nhas been previously insured in an owner\u2019s policy by the insurer within a\n certain time.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"relative positional precision\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Relative Positional Precision<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The length of the \nsemi-major axis, expressed in feet or meters, of the error ellipse \nrepresenting the uncertainty due to random errors in measurements in the\n location of the monument, or witness, marking any corner of the \nsurveyed property relative to the monument, or witness, marking any \nother corner of the surveyed property at the 95 percent confidence \nlevel. This is estimated by the results of a correctly weighted least \nsquares adjustment of the survey.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"reliction\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Reliction<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The increase in land by permanent withdrawal of water along a water boundary<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"remainder\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Remainder<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An interest or \nestate in land in a person other than the grantor in which the right of \npossession and enjoyment of the land is postponed until the termination \nof some other interest or estate in the land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"remote\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Remote<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A point set using \ncontrol points as a basis for location. The remote point is identified \npoint code 112 and is monumented by a hub and tack, nail and bottle cap,\n P-K nail or other material.  This point is used for mapping purposes.  \n                                                <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"report of survey\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Report of Survey<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A summary of the \nfacts and findings regarding the survey. It is a sealed document that \nlists the entire record search, identify any significant problems \nincurred during the survey, and provide explanation why and how the \ncorners were set. The report is optional depending upon the situation, \nand does not need to be required unless a client would choose to do so.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"resection\n\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Resection\n<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A surveying \nprocedure which involves the setting up of the total station on a point \nwhich has not been located. This point is placed in a location where two\n \u201cknown\u201d or more points can be observed. Upon measuring the angle and \ndistance to 2 or more points, a position for the unknown point can be \ncalculated.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"reserved easement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Reserved Easement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An easement created by a grantor that reserves a right to use property of the grantee<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"responsible charge\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Responsible Charge<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Direct control and supervision of a person working under a licensed land surveyor<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"restriction\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Restriction<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Provision in deed \nor will or in a \u201cDeclaration of Conditions, Covenants and Restrictions\u201d \nwhich limits in some way the right to use land or convey its title.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"reticle\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Reticle<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Horizontal and vertical cross hairs in a surveying instrument telescope used to accurately sight a target<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"retracement survey\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Retracement Survey<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A survey attempting to reestablish an existing survey line. This is sometimes referred to as a resurvey.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"reversion\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Reversion<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Provision in \nconveyance by which, upon the happening of an event or contingency, \ntitle to the land will return to the grantor his successor in interest \nin the land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"rezoning\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Rezoning<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A change in the \nzoning district applied to a parcel of land, and thus a change to the \npermitted uses and accompanying regulations with that parcel.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"right of way\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Right of Way<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The right of a person to pass over the land of another.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"riparian\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Riparian<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Belonging to or relating to the bank of a river.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"riparian rights\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Riparian Rights<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Property Rights along a river or stream<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"road\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Road<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A way used for travel. Same as Street<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"robotic total station\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Robotic Total Station<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A total station \ncontaining servo motors which are capable of positioning the horizontal \nand vertical axes in order to measure to evidence and transmit data to a\n remote data collector<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"rod\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Rod<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See Pole<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"rod person\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Rod Person<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Usually, the least experienced crew member. Often, the person who uses a prism pole to locate evidence<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"rodman\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Rodman<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveyor\u2019s slang for the person holding the rod with the EDM prism\u2014the modern chain carrier.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"rood\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Rood<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A unit of area containing 40 square rods, or \u00bc acre, or 10,890 square feet.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"rooftop sites\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Rooftop sites<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Antennae located on\n rooftop sites are widely used in metropolitan areas where space, \nzoning, and construction issues may be prohibitive.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"rover\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Rover<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A GPS receiver \nlocated on a prism pole or tripod which is moved around from point to \npoint for the purpose of locating evidence or setting points. It \nnormally receives correction data from a reference station<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"run-rate\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Run-Rate<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The revenues that a\n company would have in the next 12 months if the current revenue rate \nremained unchanged; usually calculated by multiplying the latest \nquarter's revenues by four.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"S\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">S<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"sale and leaseback\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Sale and Leaseback<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A financial device \nwhich an owner of land may employ to raise money and still have the use \nof the land by selling the land to his financier and immediately leasing\n it back for the period he wishes to use it.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"scale\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Scale<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A representative \nrelationship between an actual horizontal distance and distance factor \nratio. For example, 1-in= 50-ft.  Also a ratio of foot per foot, as with\n U.S.G.S. quad maps where 1 foot = 24,000 foot actual horizontal \ndistance.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"scope of an easement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Scope of an Easement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The type of use allowed by an easement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"section\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Section<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the PLSS, a portion of a township approximately one mile square containing 640 acres<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"section or section of land\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Section or Section of Land<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Unit of subdivision\n of a township; normally a quadrangle one mile square with boundaries \nconforming to meridians and parallels within established limits, \ncontaining 640 acres as nearly as practical.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"secular change\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Secular Change<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The difference \nbetween two magnetic meridians measured at different times. It is also \nknown as variation and the difference should always be clockwise. Most \noriginal surveys were based on the magnetic meridian as measured with a \ncompass. Again, using magnetic directions is severly frowned upon by \ntodays surveyors<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"servient estate or servient tenement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Servient Estate or Servient Tenement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The land burdened by an easement appurtenant<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"set \" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Set <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A series of points which are connected by a set line which carries elevations along this line from point to point.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"set back lines\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Set Back Lines<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Those lines which delineate the required distances for the location of structure in relation to the perimeter of the property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"set up\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Set Up<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A term used to describe the total station or level, tripods and all necessary items \u201csetup\u201d and ready to begin collecting data.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"set an angle\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Set an Angle<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">To set a specific angle on an instrument<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"sexigesimal system\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Sexigesimal System<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A system based on 60, where each degree contains 60 minutes and each minute contains 60 seconds<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"shoot\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Shoot<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveyor\u2019s slang for measuring the angle and distance with an EDM.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"shot\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Shot<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A request by the targetperson to \u201creg\u201d or record an observation.  <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"sideshot\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Sideshot<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Observations and data collection made from a Setup Before moving to the next traverse point.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"sideshots\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Sideshots<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Leaving zero set on a backsight and taking shots on multiple targets<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"single proportionate measurement\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Single Proportionate Measurement<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the PLSS, restoring a lost corner by using proportionate measurements along a line from other recovered monuments<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"site acquisition\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Site Acquisition<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The right location \ncan be key to the success of a project and operation. The process may \ninclude identifying optimal locations; budget planning; negotiating \nlease terms; zoning support; building permits; photos, narrative \nexplanations of acquisition terms and site findings, preliminary \nlatitude, longitude and ground elevation of the site; locations of \nutilities; and a field sketch of the proposed site arrangement.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"site plan\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Site Plan<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A diagram that \nshows the layout of a property or \u201csite\u201d. A site plan may include the \nlocation of buildings and structures, as well as property features such \nas driveways, walkways, landscaped areas, gardens, pools or water, \ntrees, terraces and more.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"skew\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Skew<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The following is \nthe proper way to report the \u201cskew\u201d of an existing or proposed drainage \nflow:\nA pipe that is flowing at an angle of 90\u00b0 to centerline is at a 0\u00b0 skew.\n  Everything else is measured from this zero skew and is the reported \nexisting skew will be based on a couple of things:  \n\u2022        Stream is either flowing to the left or to the right of CL\n\u2022        The outlet is either skewed ahead (up line) or back (back line)\n of the 0\u00b0 skew\n\nExample:  A pipe that is flowing to the left of line and is skewed \u201cback\n line\u201d at approximately 15\u00b0 off the 90\u00b0 would be described as a skew of:\n 15\u00b0 Lt. Bk.\nExample:  A pipe that is flowing right and is skewed \u201cup line\u201d by 30\u00b0 \noff the 90\u00b0 would be described as a skew of: 30\u00b0 Rt. Ah.                \n                                \n(DO NOT confuse the Skew calculation with the Deflection Angle along the\n centerline.)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"slope stake        \" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Slope Stake        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A stake and hub \nusually placed on an offset from the Hinge Point to preclude removal \nduring earthwork.  The information on the stake will specify cut or fill\n at specific distance, slope grade and centerline station.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"solaris\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Solaris<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Pertaining to the \nSun. Surveyors will locate and observe the location of the Sun in order \nto establish true north. AKA taking a Sun Shot<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"span and rise\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Span and Rise<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Width and Height. \nThe method of arch pipe and culvert measurement where the horizontal \ndistance across the opening is noted first and the vertical distance \nacross the opening is noted last.   <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"special use permit\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Special Use Permit<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A special use \npermit allows a landowner to obtain a tract of land for a use that does \nnot fall directly under the permitted usage for that specifically zoned \narea. In most areas, the community is separated into different zones \ndetermined by the community\u2019s zoning commission. These zones are then \ngiven a specific set of \u201cby-right\u201d permitted uses.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"special warranty deed\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Special Warranty Deed<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A deed containing a\n covenant whereby the seller agrees to protect the buyer against being \ndispossessed because of any adverse claims to the land by the seller, or\n anyone claiming through him.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"specific plans\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Specific Plans<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Specific plans are \nmechanisms by which local planning agencies can specify development \nregulations and land use preferences for certain unique physical areas. \nSpecific planning regulations apply only in specified geographic areas, \nallowing local regulatory agencies the ability to tailor planning and \nzoning regulations to unique topography or circulation patterns in \nspecial areas.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"spike\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Spike<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveyor\u2019s slang for typically a 60-penny nail used to mark survey points in hard ground.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"spot elevation\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Spot Elevation<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Point of a map or chart whose height above a specified datum is noted, usually by a dot or a small \"+\" and elevation value.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"stadia\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Stadia<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Technique of \ndistance measurement and differences of elevation wherein the observer \nreads the intercept subtended on a graduated rod between two marks on \nthe reticle of the telescope.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"stadia hairs\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Stadia Hairs<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Short horizontal \ncross hairs in a surveying instrument telescope precisely positioned \nabove and below the horizontal cross hair used for rangefinding<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"standard parallels\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Standard Parallels<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the PLSS, parallels established 24 miles north and south of base lines<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"state plane coordinate system\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">State Plane Coordinate System<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Coordinate systems \nestablished by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (now the National \nOcean Survey), usually one for each state, for use in defining positions\n of points in terms of plane rectangular (x,y) coordinates.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"station\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Station<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A point on the horizontal and\/or vertical alignment.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"station\/offset\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Station\/Offset<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A method of \nlocation; relative to horizontal alignment, where a position is \ndetermined by a station on the horizontal alignment and the \nperpendicular distance right or left from that station to the position.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"statute of frauds\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Statute of Frauds<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A law requiring that the conveyance of interests in land by evidenced by a writing signed by the grantor<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"street\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Street<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A way used for travel. Same as Road<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"street line\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Street Line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The sideline of a street or way<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"strip\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Strip<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A rectangular piece\n of land adjoining a parcel, created when a resurvey turns up a tiny bit\n larger than the original survey. The difference is accounted for by \ntemperature or other effects on measuring chains. See also strip.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"subdivision\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Subdivision<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A tract of land surveyed and divided into lots for purposes of sale.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"subsurface right\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Subsurface Right<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The right to ownership of everything beneath the physical surface of the property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"superelevation\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Superelevation<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A special type of \nroadway surface; situated in a horizontal curve, in which the edge of \npavement farthest from the radius point begins to elevate above the \ninner edge of pavement (transition of super elevation).  This elevation \nof the outside edge of pavement increases to a point where the elevation\n of the outside edge of pavement is higher than the center of pavement \n(full superelevation).  This results in a banked turn.  Then at a \nspecific location; the full superelevation transitions in reverse to the\n normal roadway typical section.  <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"survey\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Survey<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">(1) A survey is the\n measurement by a licensed surveyor of real property that delineates the\n boundaries of a parcel of land as further defined under state law. A \nsurvey for land title purposes additionally designates the location of \nall visible evidence of improvements, encroachments, and easements; (2) \nthe associated data obtained in a survey; (3) an organization engaged in\n making a survey.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"survey foot\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Survey Foot<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Used to convert meters to a surveying unit. Precisely equals 12 inches \u00f7 39.37 inches per meter.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"surveying\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Surveying<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The art and science\n of location of physical features and their relationship to an \nestablished and recognized datum: by means of measurement in the three \ndimensions of space; distance, direction and elevation.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"T\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">T<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"tacking\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Tacking<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When used in \nrelation to adverse possession and prescription, the occupation by \npredecessors in title can be used, along with the possession of the \npresent occupier to satisfy the time period established by the statute \nof limitations<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"take out loan\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Take Out Loan<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A permanent \nmortgage loan which a lender agrees to make to a borrower upon \ncompletion of improvements on the borrower\u2019s land. The proceeds of the \nloan are used principally to pay off the construction loan.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"taking a shot\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Taking a Shot<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">When a total station is used to measure the angle and distance to a point<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"tangent\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Tangent<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A line that touches\n a curve such that it is perpendicular to a radius line of the curve. \nAlso, an extension of a street line from the PC or PT of a curve<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"tangent screws\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Tangent Screws<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Fine positioning screws on a surveying instrument horizontal and\/or vertical axis<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"tangent to curve\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Tangent to Curve<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A tangent line calculated at a point along the curve that is perpendicular to the radius point at the point on the curve.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"tape\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Tape<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A durable and flexible measuring device.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"target\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Target<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A device usually \ncontaining a prism and\/or highly visible markings which is set over a \npoint and which enables an instrument to sight and measure to the point<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"tax deed\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Tax Deed<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The deed given to a purchaser at a public sale of land for nonpayment of taxes.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"temperature adjustment\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Temperature Adjustment<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A correction applied to a distance made using a steel tape and based on the difference between ambient temperature and 68\u00b0 F.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"tenancy in common\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Tenancy in Common<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An estate or \ninterest in land held by two or more persons each having equal rights of\n possession and enjoyment but without any right of survivorship between \nthe owners.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"tenant\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Tenant<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Any person in possession of real property with the owner\u2019s permission.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"terrain\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Terrain<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The surface features of an area of land; topography.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"testate\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Testate<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The estate or condition of leaving a will at death.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"testatrix\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Testatrix<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A woman who makes or has made a testament or will.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"thalweg\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Thalweg<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The deepest part of a stream<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"theodolite (the\u2022od\u2022o\u2022lite)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Theodolite (the\u2022od\u2022o\u2022lite)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A calibrated, \nprecision surveying instrument used to determine relative position in \nsurveying, navigation, and meteorology. It is similar in construction to\n a surveyor's transit, consisting of a telescope fitted with a spirit \nlevel and mounted on a tripod so that it is free to rotate about its \nvertical and horizontal axes. Pronounced: thE - odl - It<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"thread\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Thread<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The middle of a stream<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"tie line\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Tie Line<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A dimensioned \nsurvey line, usually not a property line, used to connect boundaries. \nTie lines are often used along an irregular and roughly dimensioned \nwater boundary as a means of connecting the accurately described points \nof a boundary<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"title deed\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Title Deed<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The deed constituting the evidence of a person\u2019s legal ownership and possession of land.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"title defect\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Title Defect<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Any legal right held by others to claim property or to make demands upon the owner.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"title insurance\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Title Insurance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Insurance against loss or damage resulting from defects or failure of title to a particular parcel of real property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"title search\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Title Search<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An examination of public records, laws and court decisions to disclose the current facts regarding ownership of real estate.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"topographic survey\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Topographic Survey<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A survey having to do with topography or the physical features of a place.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"topography\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Topography<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The physical features of a place; or the study and depiction of physical features, including land elevations.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"torrens system\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Torrens System<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A governmental \ntitle registration system wherein title to land is evidenced by a \ncertificate of title issued by a public official known as the registrar \nof title.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"total station\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Total Station<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An electronic \ndigital surveying instrument used to measure horizontal and vertical \nangles and distances, with provision for electronic storage of data \nand\/or transmission of data to external devices<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"township\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Township<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the U.S. public \nland surveying system, an area six miles square, containing 36 sections.\n The townships are organized in rows and are identified with respect to a\n reference latitudinal baseline, for example, Township 13 North, Range 3\n East. <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"tracking total station\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Tracking Total Station<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A total station which is capable of locking onto a prism or other device and tracking it as it moves<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"transferable development rights (tdr)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Transferable Development Rights (TDR)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A voluntary, \nincentive-based program that allows landowners to sell development \nrights from their land to a developer or other interested party who then\n can use these rights to increase the density of development at another \ndesignated location.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"transit\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Transit<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Precision surveying\n instrument; a theodolite in which the telescope can be reversed in \ndirection by rotation about its horizontal axis.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"traverse\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Traverse<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A procedure for \ngathering field evidence as called for in the deeds. It is a series of \nbearings and distances from one point to another.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"trespass\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Trespass<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The intentional intrusion or invasion of the land of another person<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"tribrach\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Tribrach<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An article of \nsurveying equipment which is attached to head or top of the tripod.  The\n tribrach is usually attached to the instrument, but a release lever can\n be activated which will allow the removal of the transit\/total station \nand installation of an adapter which allows the use of a target.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"tripod\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Tripod<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A fixture having three, usually adjustable, legs used to support surveying instruments and other measuring devices<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"true north\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">True North<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A reference to the true north direction of the North Pole and not the magnetic north. AKA Astronomic North<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"trust\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Trust<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A right of property held by one for the benefit of another.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"trustee\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Trustee<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A person holding property in trust.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"turn angle\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Turn Angle<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">To use an instrument to measure or set an angle<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"turnkey\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Turnkey<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Supplied, installed, or purchased in a condition ready for immediate use, occupation, or operation.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"two peg test\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Two Peg test<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A method of \nchecking the accuracy of a leveling instrument which involves the \nestablishment of two points on fairly level ground or pavement \napproximately 200 feet apart.  The level is then setup and leveled at a \npoint nearer one point and rod reading are recorded on both points.  \nThen the level is then setup and leveled at a point nearer the next \npoint and rod readings are recorded on both points.  Any apparent \ndifferences will indicate the level instrument is out of adjustment.  <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"U\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">U<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"united states geological survey (usgs)\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">United States Geological Survey (USGS)<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Created by an act \nof Congress in 1879, the U.S. Geological Survey is the sole science \nagency for the Department of the Interior. The USGS helps resolve \ncomplex natural resource problems across the Nation and around the \nworld.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"unwritten title\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Unwritten Title<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Ownership of property that is not evidenced by written title<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"utility plan\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Utility Plan<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Typically a plan \nshowing all visible indications and known underground locations of \nutilities. This plan will show what utilities are located on the \nproperty and which utilities are available for use to the property. It \nis important to note that underground utility locations are shown only \nby approximate locations per utility companies as-built plans.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"V\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">V<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"vara\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Vara<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Unit of length used\n in the U.S. southwest and the Spanish-speaking world that has values of\n approximately 31-33 inches. The US Supreme Court ruled in 1870 that the\n vara would be 33.33 inches for conversion purposes. The NIST vara \nactually measures 32.9682 inches.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"variable width street\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Variable Width Street<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A street which does not have a fixed width<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"variance\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Variance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A discretionary, \nlimited waiver or modification of a zoning requirement. It is applied in\n situations where the strict application of the requirement would result\n in a practical difficulty or unnecessary hardship for the landowner. \nTypically, the difficulty or hardship must be due to an unusual physical\n characteristic of the parcel.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"variation\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Variation<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A measure of how magnetic north varies with time<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"vendee\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Vendee<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A purchaser of real property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"vendor\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Vendor<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A seller of real property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"vernier\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Vernier<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A specially divided scale used to increase the precision of reading the horizontal or vertical circle of a surveying transit.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"vernier scale\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Vernier Scale<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A short graduated \nscale that slides along a longer graduated scale and allows the longer \none to be subdivided into smaller parts. Used in surveying to divide \nangles into minutes and seconds for great accuracy.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"vertex\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Vertex<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The point where two or more lines from different directions meet.   The P.I. of a curve is one example of a vertex.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"vertical angle\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Vertical Angle<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An angle which is \nmeasured between two intersecting lines in a vertical plane.  In \nsurveying, it is understood that one of these lines is the horizontal \nplane and the other line is a point on the vertical plane.  This angle \nis measured from a point directly beneath the transit\/total station \n(occupied point) to a point on the vertical plane which will increase \nincrementally towards a point in the vertical plane directly overhead. <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"W\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">W<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"wc\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">WC<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Witness Corner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"warranty\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Warranty<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An agreement and \nassurance by the grantor of real property for himself and his heirs, to \nthe effect that he is the owner and will defend the title given.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"warranty deed\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Warranty Deed<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A deed warranting \nthat the grantor has a good title free and clear of all liens and \nencumbrances and will defend the grantee against all claims.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"water features\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Water Features<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Springs, ponds, \nlakes, streams, rivers, canals, ditches, marshes, swamps running \nthrough, outside but within five feet (5\u2019) of the perimeter or forming a\n boundary of a piece of property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"wiggle in\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Wiggle In<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">To make a series of adjustments to the occupied point so that it eventually becomes located at the desired location<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"will\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Will<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A written document properly witnessed, providing for the distribution of property owned by the deceased.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"wireless\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Wireless<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Using the \nradio-frequency spectrum rather than some of wire for transmitting and \nreceiving voice, data and video signals for communications.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"witness corner\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Witness Corner<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">In the PLSS, a point on a survey line near a corner used when it is not practical to monument the corner itself<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"witness tree\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Witness Tree<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Generally used in \nthe public land states, this refers to the trees close to a section \ncorner. The surveyor blazed them and noted their position relative to \nthe corner in their notebook. Witness trees are used as evidence for the\n corner location.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"wraparound mortgage\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Wraparound Mortgage<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A mortgage that \nsecures a debt that includes the balance due on an existing senior \nmortgage and an additional amount advanced by the wraparound mortgagee. \nThe wraparound mortgagee thereafter makes the amortizing payments on the\n senior mortgage.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"written evidence\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Written Evidence<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Documents such as deeds and plans<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"glossary-section\" id=\"Z\">\n            <div class=\"title-full-width\"><h2 class=\"title-alphabet\">Z<\/h2><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"zenith angle        \" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Zenith Angle        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">An angle which is \nmeasured between two intersecting Lines in a vertical plane.  In \nsurveying, it is understood that one on these lines is the vertical \nplane which extends from the plumb line of the occupied point to a point\n directly overhead or the zenith.  The angle is measured from the zenith\n towards a point on the vertical plane which increases incrementally \ntowards the occupied point.                           <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"zero instrument\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Zero Instrument<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">The process of setting an instrument\u2019s zero on a target<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"zero or perfect zero\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Zero or Perfect Zero<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Surveyor\u2019s slang for zero degrees, minutes, and seconds (a perfect zero).<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"zoning\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Zoning<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">A section of an \narea or territory established for a specific purpose, as a section of a \ncity restricted to a particular type of building, enterprise, or \nactivity: a residential zone.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"zoning commission\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Zoning Commission<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">See \u201cPlanning Commission\u201d<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"zoning letter\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Zoning Letter<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">is a document prepared by the local municipality to confirm the zoning district designation of the property.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"zoning ordinance\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Zoning Ordinance<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Created in \ncompliance with a governing body\u2019s comprehensive plan, zoning ordinances\n are comprised of maps showing the zoning districts and text setting \nforth the regulation of uses and structures within each type of \ndistrict.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"glossary-item\" data-term=\"zoning report\" style=\"\">\n                    <div class=\"glossary-term\">Zoning Report<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-definition\">Prepared by a 3rd \nparty that will verify whether an existing property or a planned project\n can meet basic development standards outlined in the zoning code. May \ninclude a zoning letter to verify some items.<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"glossary-category\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<script>\n    function searchGlossary() {\n        \/\/ Get the search box input and convert to lowercase\n        var input = document.getElementById('searchBox').value.toLowerCase();\n        \/\/ Get all glossary items\n        var items = document.querySelectorAll('.glossary-item');\n        \n        items.forEach(function(item) {\n            \/\/ Get the term of each glossary item\n            var term = item.getAttribute('data-term');\n            \/\/ Show or hide the item based on the search input\n            if (term.includes(input)) {\n                item.style.display = \"\";\n            } else {\n                item.style.display = \"none\";\n            }\n        });\n    }\n\n\n<\/script>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6902e24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6902e24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Glossary of Land Surveying Terms - ALTA<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A B C D E F G H &nbsp;I&nbsp; J L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z A ACSM American Congress on Surveying &amp; Mapping (now the NSPS.) ADA The Americans with Disabilities Act ALTA American Land Title Association ALTA Survey ALTA\/NSPS Land Title Survey is a survey [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2313","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/altasurveyalaska.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2313"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/altasurveyalaska.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/altasurveyalaska.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altasurveyalaska.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altasurveyalaska.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2313"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/altasurveyalaska.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2313\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/altasurveyalaska.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}